{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:50:32Z","timestamp":1792594232652,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":258,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was funded by the National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2023YFD1302004; 2022YFD1600103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1302004; 2022YFD1600103"]}]},{"name":"Liaocheng Municipal Bureau of Science and Tech-638 nology, High-talented Foreign Expert Introduction Program","award":["GDWZ202401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GDWZ202401"]}]},{"name":"The Shandong Prov-639 ince Modern Agricultural Technology System Donkey Industrial Innovation Team","award":["SDAIT-27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDAIT-27"]}]},{"name":"The Open Project of Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Donkey Industry 641 Technology","award":["3193308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3193308"]}]},{"name":"Research on Donkey Pregnancy Improvement","award":["K20LC0901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K20LC0901"]}]},{"name":"Liaocheng University scientific research fund","award":["318052025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["318052025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Equines play a crucial role in global food security, economic development, and recreation, particularly in regions such as Central Asia, parts of Africa, and South America. However, parasitic infections significantly impact their health, productivity, and reproductive performance, leading to economic losses and reduced animal welfare. This review synthesizes the effects of parasitic infections, including protozoan, helminthic, and ectoparasitic species, on equines. These infections cause hematological alterations like anemia, leukocytosis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, compromising overall health and resilience. Protozoan parasites, such as Trypanosoma spp., Theileria equi, and Babesia caballi, directly affect semen quality and fertility by causing testicular lesions, orchitis, and hormonal disruptions. Helminths like Cyathostomins and Strongyles reduce nutrient absorption, impairing productivity, while some protozoan species can cause abortion through transplacental transmission. Zoonotic parasites, including Sarcocystis spp. and Toxoplasma gondii, pose a human health risk through contaminated meat and milk consumption. Despite the effectiveness of conventional anthelmintics, emerging biological control methods like Duddingtonia flagrans (BioWorma\u00ae and Bioverm\u00ae) show promise. However, the development of standardized herbal anthelmintics and vaccines is hindered by limited efficacy validation, complex parasite biology, and inadequate funding. The need for better diagnostic tools and sustainable treatments remains critical for the long-term sustainability of the equine industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15223294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T14:37:52Z","timestamp":1763131072000},"page":"3294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of Parasitic Infections on Hematological Profile, Reproductive and Productive Performance in Equines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Abd","family":"Ullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Livestock General Station, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Yili 835000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qifei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Livestock General Station, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Yili 835000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8917-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Faheem","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changfa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5890-2996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Zahoor","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, M.Z., Chen, W., Wang, X., Liang, H., Wei, L., Huang, B., Kou, X., Liu, X., Zhang, Z., and Chai, W. 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