{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:38:29Z","timestamp":1791247109554,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Climate and Environmental Protection, Regions and Water Management"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007182","name":"BMLUK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009088","name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypocalcemia commonly affects dairy cows around calving or at the onset of lactation. An individual risk prediction would allow customized prophylactic measures and targeted intervention. This study aimed to measure concentrations of total (tCa) and ionized calcium (iCa) during the peripartal period, record rumen motility and temperature patterns, and assess the associations between patterns before calving and Ca concentration at calving. A total of 89 calvings from 47 cows and 22 heifers were monitored using reticuloruminal bolus sensors over 60 days prior to the expected calving and 60 days postpartum. Cows with low tCa (&lt;1.8 mmol\/L) or iCa (&lt;0.8 mmol\/L) a few days before parturition had reduced rumination times compared to cows with normal tCa levels (&gt;2.2 mmol\/L). Using a rumination time (RT) threshold of 480 min\/day on day \u22121, hypocalcemia was predicted with 66.7% sensitivity and 96.8% specificity. Additionally, we evaluated a deep learning model trained on external data, which incorporated rumen cycles, reticular contraction duration, and reticular temperature. Despite not being trained on this dataset, the model surpassed the RT thresholding approach, achieving 83.2% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity for tCa-based classification. These results indicate superior performance and greater generalizability of the deep learning approach, highlighting the potential of multi-metric sensor analytics to improve early hypocalcemia risk detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15223306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T09:58:42Z","timestamp":1763459922000},"page":"3306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reticuloruminal Motility Monitoring for the Prediction of Peripartal Hypocalcemia in Cattle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Gleissenberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3049-4921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Breitegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"smaXtec Animal Care GmbH, Sandgasse 36\/2, A-8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Gleissenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Astl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"smaXtec Animal Care GmbH, Sandgasse 36\/2, A-8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Eingang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Livestock Research, Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Alt-Irdning 11, A-8952 Irdning-Donnersbachtal, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8881-6407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Terler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Livestock Research, Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Alt-Irdning 11, A-8952 Irdning-Donnersbachtal, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Petermichl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"smaXtec Animal Care GmbH, Sandgasse 36\/2, A-8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Gasteiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Raumberg 38, A-8952 Irdning-Donnersbachtal, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6113-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Wittek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterin\u00e4rplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1177-2401","article-title":"Wesen, Ursachen, Therapie und Prophylaxe der hypokalz\u00e4mischen Geb\u00e4rparese beim Rind","volume":"48","author":"Khol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tierarztl. 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