{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T03:48:30Z","timestamp":1771300110452,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020266","name":"Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation, Chile","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PCI-MEC-CONICYT 80150017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI-MEC-CONICYT 80150017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020266","name":"Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge and Innovation, Chile","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ANID-FOVI210036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANID-FOVI210036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain","award":["AGL2017-88329-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2017-88329-R"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain","award":["PID2020-113320RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-113320RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Catalonia, Spain","award":["2017-SGR-1229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-SGR-1229"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Catalonia, Spain","award":["2021-SGR-00900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-SGR-00900"]}]},{"name":"Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Spain"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work sought to test the positive effect of red LED light on frozen bovine sperm resistance to thawing in suboptimal conditions. Moreover, a preliminary study explores whether this improvement could have any repercussions on in vivo fertilizing ability. Thus, frozen bull semen straws (n = 16) were thawed (a) with irradiation for 5 min at 20 \u00b0C (2 min light, 1 min darkness, 2 min light; PHOTO); (b) without irradiation for 5 min at 20 \u00b0C (ET); or (c) through immersion into a water bath at 38 \u00b0C for 40 s as standard control (CONTROL). Sperm quality and preliminary, purely descriptive AI trials were performed. The PHOTO samples demonstrated significantly (p &lt; 0.05) improved percentages of intact acrosomes, progressive motility, DNA condensation and fragmentation, and viable sperm with high ROS\/superoxides. The viability of PHOTO samples decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) when compared with the ET ones. Overall results of both the PHOTO and ET samples were poorer than those of the CONTROL. Otherwise, the PHOTO straws yielded greater pregnancy rates (64.0% vs. 49.4% in CONTROL) when evaluated at two different farms. The results suggest that irradiating cryopreserved bovine sperm during thawing in suboptimal conditions could improve AI pregnancy rates, although more in vivo studies are needed to support this conclusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15223353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T12:02:42Z","timestamp":1763640162000},"page":"3353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Red LED Light Irradiation Increases the Resistance Against Environmental Stress of Frozen Bovine Sperm Thawed in Suboptimal Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6136-0673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Blanco-Prieto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, ES-25198 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0872-9122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Maside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gruzmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Insemination Center (CIA), Center for Capacitation and Training in Animal Handling and Reproduction (CENEREMA), Valdivia CL-5091000, Chile"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia CL-5091000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia CL-5091000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6072-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Ratto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Insemination Center (CIA), Center for Capacitation and Training in Animal Handling and Reproduction (CENEREMA), Valdivia CL-5091000, Chile"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia CL-5091000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Urra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Insemination Center (CIA), Center for Capacitation and Training in Animal Handling and Reproduction (CENEREMA), Valdivia CL-5091000, Chile"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia CL-5091000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Insemination Center (CIA), Center for Capacitation and Training in Animal Handling and Reproduction (CENEREMA), Valdivia CL-5091000, Chile"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia CL-5091000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Strobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artificial Insemination Center (CIA), Center for Capacitation and Training in Animal Handling and Reproduction (CENEREMA), Valdivia CL-5091000, Chile"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia CL-5091000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Catal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0127-4890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Mislei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Artificial Insemination (AUB), University of Bologna, IT-40057 Cadriano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Bucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Science, University of Bologna, IT-40126 Ozzano dell\u2019Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Yeste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003 Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), ES-08010 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1112-9884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joan E.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, 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