{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T12:19:10Z","timestamp":1763986750919,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cage-free rearing of laying hens combined with probiotics promotes intestinal health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding probiotics on the intestinal microbiota of Isa Brown laying hens raised in a cage-free system. A total of 450 Isa Brown hens, 19 weeks old, were used in a cage-free system over three 28-day cycles in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates, containing 15 birds per pen. The Isa Brown hens were fed a basal ration based on corn and soybean meal; a basal ration plus a single strain of Bacillus subtilis (500 g\/t); a basal ration plus a single strain, Bacillus subtilis (1000 g\/t); a basal ration plus a probiotic blend (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus salivarius, Pediococcus acidilactici) at a dosage of 200 g\/t; and a basal ration plus the blend at 400 g\/t. From one hen per replicate, contents from the small intestine, including the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, were collected for DNA extraction and bacterial species identification. There was an increase in Helicobacter brantae, which was quantified at 86% in the diet containing 1000 g\/t of the probiotic single strain of Bacillus subtilis and 87% in the diet containing 500 g\/t dosage, in comparison to the basal ration. With the probiotic blend at 200 g\/t, 37% Lactobacillus crispatus and 21% Lactobacillus aviarius were observed, while the dosage of 400 g\/t of the probiotic blend increased the level of Lactobacillus kitasatonis to 68% compared to the basal ration. The inclusion of 200 g\/t of the probiotic blend proved to be more beneficial to the small intestinal microbiota of laying hens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15233388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T11:47:22Z","timestamp":1763984842000},"page":"3388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intestinal Microbiota of Commercial Laying Hens in a Cage-Free System Fed with Probiotics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3240-4977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weslane Justina da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program Postgraduate in Biotechnology and Biodiversity of Goi\u00e1s\u2014PGBB\/UFG, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Samambaia Campus, Goi\u00e2nia 74001-240, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6410-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josilene Silva","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (Federal Institute Goiano\u2013IF Goiano), Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5847-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadielli Pereira","family":"Bonif\u00e1cio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (Federal Institute Goiano\u2013IF Goiano), Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5841-7380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murilo Sousa","family":"Carrijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fontes do Saber Farm\u2014University Campus, University of Rio Verde, University District, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0727-5651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00edntia","family":"Minafra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Goi\u00e2nia Highway, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s\u2014UFG, km 8 s\/n Campus\u2014Samambaia, Goi\u00e2nia 74001-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2101-2834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hindenburg Cruvinel Guimar\u00e3es da","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (Federal Institute Goiano\u2013IF Goiano), Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0287-1681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana Ramos dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (Federal Institute Goiano\u2013IF Goiano), Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassia Cristina","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (Federal Institute Goiano\u2013IF Goiano), Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1279-9756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano Carvalho","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (Federal Institute Goiano\u2013IF Goiano), Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2849-6170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio Turra","family":"Sobrane Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jata\u00ed, BR-364 Highway, Francisco Ant\u00f4nio District, Jata\u00ed 75801-615, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4908-2265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiano Guimar\u00e3es","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (Federal Institute Goiano\u2013IF Goiano), Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4286-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cibele Silva","family":"Minafra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goiano 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