{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:26:06Z","timestamp":1777710366363,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptorchidism is a genital defect in which ram testicles fail to descend, causing azoospermia, while maintaining normal behavior towards females. We investigated whether cryptorchid rams can induce a ram-effect in ewes that would then be subjected to artificial insemination (AI). Therefore, ewes were isolated from any contact with rams for 6 weeks, then exposed to cryptorchid rams for 14 days. From day 15 to day 24, estrus was checked using a cryptorchid teaser four times daily (at 08:00, 12:00, 16:00, 20:00). Ewes detected in estrus were inseminated 24 h later. Experiment 1 included ewes (n = 31) all exposed to the cryptorchid ram-effect (CRE): 70.9% showed estrus, lambing rate after AI was 45.5%, and prolificacy was 1.40. Experiment 2 compared CRE (n = 80) with a control group with no prior exposure to males (n = 39). Estrus occurrence differed significantly (75.0% vs. 23.1%, respectively, p \u2264 0.001). Lambing rate from AI was 44.1% and prolificacy 1.27. These results show that cryptorchid rams effectively induce and synchronize estrus in Sarda ewes. AI fertility results on natural estrus following CRE yields outcomes comparable to those previously reported after hormonal synchronization for this breed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15233444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T08:44:28Z","timestamp":1764751468000},"page":"3444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Natural Reproductive Management in Sarda Sheep: Use of Cryptorchids to Induce a Ram-Effect in Ewes Destined for Artificial Insemination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9204-7848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charbel","family":"Nassif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4186-2400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Chessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilia","family":"Gallus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Melis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5049-5713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignazio","family":"Cossu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3053-054X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonello","family":"Ledda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6297-1556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonello","family":"Cannas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Dattena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Agency of Sardinia, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30681-2","article-title":"Congenital Defects of Sheep","volume":"9","author":"Dennis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet. 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