{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:40:43Z","timestamp":1791517243301,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Agricultural Research Systems","award":["CARS37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS37"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024YFD1800200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD1800200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024YFD1800201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD1800201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is a fulminant bovine disease across Asia and Africa, yet Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) isolated from yak is poorly reported. We isolated strain NQ01 from a fatal HS case in Xizang, China and identified it as P. multocida B:2 by morphology, Gram stain, and PCR (kmt1+, bcbD+, LPS L2). NQO1 formed smooth, non-hemolytic colonies. After Gram staining, the cells appeared as red rods with bipolar staining. Antimicrobial testing showed broad susceptibility to \u03b2-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, midecamycin, florfenicol, polymyxin, and vancomycin, with resistance to metronidazole, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, and clindamycin. Streptomycin and ofloxacin had intermediate activity. In mice, the intraperitoneal and intranasal LD50 values were 40.64 CFU\/mL and 9.53 \u00d7 106 CFU\/mL, respectively. The intranasal fatal cases were characterized by bacteremia with multifocal disseminated intravascular coagulation involving lung, liver, and spleen. The complete genome comprises a single 2.33 Mb chromosome (40.47% GC, 2115 CDS, no plasmids) with only one resistance gene (Eco_EFTu_PLV) and 28 virulence genes spanning adhesion (tadA, rcpA, ppdD, pilB, tuf\/tufA, htpB, PM_RS00430, PM_RS00425, PM_RS08640), immune modulation (lpxB\/C\/D, msbB, manB, rfaE\/F, gmhA\/lpcA, kdsA, pgi, wecA, galE, bexD\u2019, ABZJ_RS06285, ABD1_RS00310), and nutritional\/metabolic factor (hgbA, hemR, hemN), plus a YadA-like factor. Phylogenetically, NQ01 clusters with regional B:2 bovine\/yak isolates. Collectively, these data define NQ01 as a highly virulent, low-resistance yak isolate and a practical model for natural-route HS pathogenesis and targeted control in high-altitude pastoral settings yaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15233462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T08:44:28Z","timestamp":1764751468000},"page":"3462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Pasteurella multocida NQ01 Isolated from Yak in China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2452-1399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kewei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haofang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Farhan","family":"Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xire","family":"Luosong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xizang Veterinary Biological Pharmaceutical Factory, Lhasa 850003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianwu","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6065-6648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiakui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan 430200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Studies on Pasteurella multocida. 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