{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:55:58Z","timestamp":1780404958793,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K05831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K05831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) SPRING","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJSP2137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJSP2137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Insulin-like androgenic gland factor (IAG) is considered a key regulator of male sexual differentiation and maturation in decapod crustaceans. In several species, IAG expression is thought to be negatively regulated by the eyestalk, as demonstrated by eyestalk ablation (ESA) experiments. In the kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus, however, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of IAG (Maj-IAG) remain largely unclear. In the present study, males of different body sizes were subjected to ESA to elucidate these mechanisms. Bilateral ESA induced upregulation of Maj-IAG expression from day 7 onward, whereas unilateral ESA did not. Moreover, enhanced development of male reproductive organs and hypertrophy of the androgenic gland were observed from day 7 after bilateral ESA. These findings indicate that Maj-IAG is regulated by eyestalk-derived factor(s), supporting the presence of an eyestalk\u2013androgenic gland endocrine axis in M. japonicus. By contrast, the expression of Maj-Dsx2, a homolog of doublesex (Dsx) that has recently been proposed as an upstream regulator of IAG, did not show a consistent increase following bilateral ESA across all experiments, suggesting that the involvement of Maj-Dsx2 in this axis remains unclear. Overall, this study provides fundamental insights into the regulatory mechanisms of decapod male reproduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15243556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T11:17:27Z","timestamp":1765451847000},"page":"3556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effects of Eyestalk Ablation on the Androgenic Gland and the Male Reproductive Organs in the Kuruma Prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4790-0814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takehiro","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiyacho, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumihiro","family":"Yamane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mie Prefectural Fish Farming Center, 3564-1 Hamajima, Hamajimacho, Shima 517-0404, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4337-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuji","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 422-1 Nakatsuhamaura, Minamiise 516-0193, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4940-0235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taeko","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiyacho, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4904-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoaki","family":"Tsutsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiyacho, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"780","article-title":"D\u00e9couverte Chez Un Crustac\u00e9 Amphipode (Orchestia gammarella) d\u2019une Glande Endocrine Responsable de La Diff\u00e9renciation Des Caract\u00e9res Sexuels Primaires et Secondaires M\u00e2les","volume":"239","year":"1954","journal-title":"C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"60","article-title":"Hormonal Control of Development of Sexual Characters in the Isopod Crustacean, Armadillidium vulgare","volume":"2","author":"Katakura","year":"1961","journal-title":"Annot. Zool. Japon."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1999.00442.x","article-title":"The Structure of a Glycosylated Protein Hormone Responsible for Sex Determination in the Isopod, Armadillidium vulgare","volume":"262","author":"Martin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(80)90048-9","article-title":"Effects of Androgenic Gland Ablation on Male Primary and Secondary Sexual Characteristics in the Malaysian Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae), with First Evidence of Induced Feminization in a Nonhermaphroditic Decapod","volume":"41","author":"Nagamine","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.2001.7607","article-title":"Effects of Implantation of Hypertrophied Androgenic Glands on Sexual Characters and Physiology of the Reproductive System in the Female Red Claw Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus","volume":"121","author":"Khalaila","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(80)90049-0","article-title":"Masculinization of Female Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) by Androgenic Gland Implantation","volume":"41","author":"Nagamine","year":"1980","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(92)90087-2","article-title":"Sex-Ratios and Sex-Determination in Progeny from Crosses of Surgically Sex-Reversed Freshwater Prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii","volume":"105","author":"Malecha","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2006.09.006","article-title":"Insulin and Gender: An Insulin-like Gene Expressed Exclusively in the Androgenic Gland of the Male Crayfish","volume":"150","author":"Manor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2020.106332","article-title":"Molecular Characteristics and Abundance of Insulin-like Androgenic Gland Hormone and Effects of RNA Interference in Eriocheir sinensis","volume":"215","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosen, O., Manor, R., Weil, S., Gafni, O., Linial, A., Aflalo, E.D., Ventura, T., and Sagi, A. (2010). A Sexual Shift Induced by Silencing of a Single Insulin-like Gene in Crayfish: Ovarian Upregulation and Testicular Degeneration. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015281"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.097261","article-title":"Timing Sexual Differentiation: Full Functional Sex Reversal Achieved through Silencing of a Single Insulin-like Gene in the Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii","volume":"86","author":"Ventura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0906","article-title":"Temporal Silencing of an Androgenic Gland-Specific Insulin-like Gene Affecting Phenotypical Gender Differences and Spermatogenesis","volume":"150","author":"Ventura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levy, T., and Sagi, A. (2020). The \u201cIAG-Switch\u201d\u2014A Key Controlling Element in Decapod Crustacean Sex Differentiation. Front. Endocrinol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00651"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.04.017","article-title":"Cloning of an Insulin-like Androgenic Gland Factor (IAG) from the Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus: Implications for Eyestalk Regulation of IAG Expression","volume":"173","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19855","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-99022-4","article-title":"Identification of Candidate Genes from Androgenic Gland in Macrobrachium nipponense Regulated by Eyestalk Ablation","volume":"11","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2015.01.015","article-title":"Quantitative Analysis of Hypertrophy and Hyperactivity in the Androgenic Gland of Eyestalk-Ablated Male Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during Molt Stages","volume":"439","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145529","article-title":"Insulin-like Androgenic Gland Hormone from the Shrimp Fenneropenaeus merguiensis: Expression, Gene Organization and Transcript Variants","volume":"782","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-005-0073-7","article-title":"Changes in Gonadal Development, Androgenic Gland Cell Structure, and Hemolymph Vitellogenin Levels during Male Phase and Sex Change in Laboratory-Maintained Protandric Shrimp, Pandalus hypsinotus (Crustacea: Caridea: Pandalidae)","volume":"148","author":"Okumura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6480(02)00031-X","article-title":"The Eyestalk-Androgenic Gland-Testis Endocrine Axis in the Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus","volume":"127","author":"Khalaila","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2010.07.003","article-title":"Bilateral Eyestalk Ablation of the Blue Swimmer Crab, Portunus pelagicus, Produces Hypertrophy of the Androgenic Gland and an Increase of Cells Producing Insulin-like Androgenic Gland Hormone","volume":"42","author":"Sroyraya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(71)90187-0","article-title":"Etude comparative de l\u2019ultrastructure des glandes androg\u00e8nes de Crabes normaux et p\u00e9donculectomis\u00e9s pendant la vie larvaire ou apr\u00e8s la pubert\u00e9 chez les esp\u00e8ces: Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould) et Callinectes sapidus Rathbun","volume":"17","author":"Payen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01928162","article-title":"Crustacean Neuropeptides: Structures, Functions and Comparative Aspects","volume":"48","author":"Keller","year":"1992","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, Q., Li, S., Lv, X., Xiang, J., Manor, R., Sagi, A., and Li, F. (2019). Sex-Biased CHHs and Their Putative Receptor Regulate the Expression of IAG Gene in the Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Front. Physiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01525"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737455","article-title":"Examination of the Potential Role of CHH in Regulating the Expression of IAGBP Gene through the Eyestalk-Testis Pathway","volume":"547","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, A., Liu, J., Liu, F., Huang, Y., Wang, G., and Ye, H. (2018). Crustacean Female Sex Hormone from the Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain Is Highly Expressed in Prepubertal Males and Inhibits the Development of Androgenic Gland. Front. Physiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00924"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2015.02.012","article-title":"Cloning of Genomic Sequences of Three Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormone Superfamily Genes and Elucidation of Their Roles of Regulating Insulin-like Androgenic Gland Hormone Gene","volume":"561","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739401","article-title":"A Testis-Specific Gene Doublesex Is Involved in Spermatogenesis and Early Sex Differentiation of the Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis","volume":"569","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, W.Y., Huang, J.H., Zhou, F.L., Yang, Q.B., Li, Y.D., Jiang, S., Jiang, S.G., and Yang, L.S. (2022). Identification and Expression Analysis of Dsx and Its Positive Transcriptional Regulation of IAG in Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012701"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2018.01.043","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of a Doublesex Gene Which Regulates the Expression of Insulin-like Androgenic Gland Hormone in Fenneropenaeus chinensis","volume":"649","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-011-0337-8","article-title":"Molecular Cloning of a cDNA Encoding Insulin-like Androgenic Gland Factor from the Kuruma Prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus and Analysis of Its Expression","volume":"77","author":"Banzai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fish. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2025.103086","article-title":"Insulin-like Androgenic Gland Factor Regulates the Development of Internal and External Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Juvenile Male Kuruma Prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus","volume":"45","author":"Furukawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2023.147700","article-title":"Sexual Dimorphic Eyestalk Transcriptome of Kuruma Prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus","volume":"885","author":"Toyota","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-022-01596-z","article-title":"Multiple Insulin-like Peptides in the Gonads of the Kuruma Prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus","volume":"88","author":"Tsutsui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fish. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: An Open-Source Platform for Biological-Image Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 Years of Image Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, Q., Zheng, H., Zheng, L., Wang, Y., Wang, M., Xie, X., and Zhu, D. (2020). Molecular Characterization of the Insulin-Like Androgenic Gland Hormone in the Swimming Crab, Portunus trituberculatus, and Its Involvement in the Insulin Signaling System. Front. Endocrinol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00585"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawrence, A., Green, S., Wang, T., Bachvaroff, T., and Chung, J.S. (2022). Seasonal Changes in the Expression of Insulinlike Androgenic Hormone (IAG) in the Androgenic Gland of the Jonah Crab, Cancer borealis. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261206"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(84)90195-9","article-title":"Induction of Rapid Spawning in Kuruma Prawn, Penaeus japonicus, through Unilateral Eyestalk Enucleation","volume":"40","author":"Yano","year":"1984","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.24.233","article-title":"Effects of Bilateral and Unilateral Eyestalk Ablation on Vitellogenin Synthesis in Immature Female Kuruma Prawns, Marsupenaeus japonicus","volume":"24","author":"Okumura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90633-8","article-title":"Drosophila Doublesex Gene Controls Somatic Sexual Differentiation by Producing Alternatively Spliced mRNAs Encoding Related Sex-Specific Polypeptides","volume":"56","author":"Burtis","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2515","article-title":"Control of Sexual Differentiation and Behavior by the Doublesex Gene in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"13","author":"Rideout","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.7.1.42","article-title":"Sex-Specific Transcriptional Regulation by the Male and Female Doublesex Proteins of Drosophila","volume":"7","author":"Coschigano","year":"1993","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.115.177972","article-title":"An Unusual Role for Doublesex in Sex Determination in the Dipteran Sciara","volume":"200","author":"Ruiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-003-0334-8","article-title":"Analysis of the Biological Functions of a Doublesex Homologue in Bombyx mori","volume":"213","author":"Suzuki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Genes Evol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2016.11.005","article-title":"Sexually Dimorphic Traits in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori, Are Regulated by Doublesex","volume":"80","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kato, Y., Kobayashi, K., Watanabe, H., and Iguchi, T. (2011). Environmental Sex Determination in the Branchiopod Crustacean Daphnia magna: Deep Conservation of a Doublesex Gene in the Sex-Determining Pathway. PLoS Genet., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001345"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1111\/are.14262","article-title":"Potential Involvement of a DMRT Family Member (Mr-Dsx) in the Regulation of Sexual Differentiation and Moulting in the Giant River Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii","volume":"50","author":"Zhong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2011.02.001","article-title":"Cells Producing Insulin-like Androgenic Gland Hormone of the Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Proliferate Following Bilateral Eyestalk-Ablation","volume":"43","author":"Phoungpetchara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2009.07.021","article-title":"Sperm Production in the Red Claw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Decapoda, Parastacidae)","volume":"295","author":"Bugnot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.21.621","article-title":"Androgenic Gland Cell Structure and Spermatogenesis during the Molt Cycle and Correlation to Morphotypic Differentiation in the Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii","volume":"21","author":"Okumura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/24\/3556\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T11:40:11Z","timestamp":1765453211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/24\/3556"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ani15243556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani15243556","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]}}}