{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:10:32Z","timestamp":1790140232889,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Plan Project of Hebei Province","award":["22326621D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22326621D"]}]},{"name":"Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Special Fund of Hebei Province","award":["HBCT2024270205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HBCT2024270205"]}]},{"name":"Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Special Fund of Hebei Province","award":["HBCT2024250206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HBCT2024250206"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bovine endometritis negatively impairs fertility and milk production. Taurine maintains cellular integrity and exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, whether taurine can treat endometritis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate taurine\u2019s effect on endometritis and explore its mechanism in vivo. Endometritis models were established in mice via intrauterine lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion, followed by 25, 50, and 100 mg\/kg taurine treatment. Taurine attenuated inflammation by mitigating histopathological damage, suppressing uterine serum cytokine levels, and preserving tight-junction integrity. It ameliorated oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde content, restoring antioxidant activities, and recovering levels of oxidative-stress-related proteins. Apoptosis was alleviated by diminishing the apoptosis ratio and normalizing apoptosis-related proteins. 16S analysis revealed taurine restored uterine microbiota composition by reversing the changes in the abundances of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Nocardioides, Ruminococcus, and Acidibacter. The abundances of Muribacter and Rodentibacter were positively correlated with inflammation. The abundances of Akkermansia and Streptococcus were negatively correlated with inflammation. RNA sequencing showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly related to immunity. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)\/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)\/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) signaling pathways were indicated as pivotal mechanisms for taurine\u2019s therapeutic efficacy against endometritis with transcriptomic profiling analysis. This study confirms that taurine alleviates LPS-induced endometritis in mice by modulating PI3K\u2013AKT, MAPK, and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for bovine endometritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15243619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:00:26Z","timestamp":1765882826000},"page":"3619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Taurine Alleviates Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Uterus Microbiota Dysregulation of Endometritis by Inhibiting PI3K-AKT\/MAPK\/NF-\u03baB Pathways in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jianxu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongliang","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buwei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5489-1919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-021-01458-3","article-title":"MicroRNA: Could It Play a Role in Bovine Endometritis?","volume":"44","author":"Umar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.21-0586","article-title":"Relationship between Escherichia coli virulence factors, notably kpsMTII, and symptoms of clinical metritis and endometritis in dairy cows","volume":"84","author":"Yamamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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