{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T05:34:35Z","timestamp":1766468075542,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tick-borne diseases (TBD) pose a significant threat to both animal and public health, particularly in tropical regions. In the Colombian Caribbean region, there is limited knowledge of the epidemiology of TBD in domestic animals and their vectors. In this study, conducted in northern Colombia from 2021 to 2022, we analyzed the molecular diversity of Anaplasmataceae in a total of 1156 ticks and blood samples collected from their infested hosts: 56 cattle and 17 equids (horses and mules). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed, using primers to amplify the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene for tick identification and bacterial 16S and 23S rRNA to detect Anaplasmataceae. The amplified products were sequenced and analyzed for molecular characterization of species. Four tick species were identified: Dermacentor nitens (55.6%), Rhipicephalus microplus (43.0%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (0.7%), and Amblyomma patinoi (0.7%). Overall, 9.4% of the pooled tick samples were identified as R. microplus, and 64.4% of the blood samples tested positive for Anaplasmataceae. Molecular analyses identified Anaplasma marginale in cattle and several species in ticks, including an Anaplasma sp. closely related to A. platys-like, Ehrlichia ruminantium, and E. muris and Ehrlichia variants closely related to Candidatus E. rustica, E. canis, and E. minasensis. The results indicate high infection rates and the circulation of both well-known and potentially novel Anaplasmataceae species, suggesting complex transmission dynamics among ticks and hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16010008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T14:27:16Z","timestamp":1766154436000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Characterization and Epidemiology of Anaplasmataceae in Ticks and Domestic Animals in the Colombian Caribbean"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Badillo-Viloria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas y Biom\u00e9dicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3388-2604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Bocanegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14014 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, ISCIII CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8236-7310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffania","family":"de la Rosa Jaramillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas y Biom\u00e9dicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Mattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas del Tr\u00f3pico, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba 230002, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Fr\u00edas-Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14014 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, ISCIII CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maim\u00f3nides de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00f3rdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sof\u00eda, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba (UCO), 14004 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Cano-Terriza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, 14014 C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERINFEC, ISCIII CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1988","article-title":"Epidemiology of zoonotic tick-borne diseases in Latin America: Are we just seeing the tip of the iceberg?","volume":"31","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000 Res."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Serological evidence of exposure to some zoonotic microorganisms in cattle and humans with occupational exposure to livestock in Antioquia, Colombia","volume":"34","author":"Cardona","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cad. 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