{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T12:44:17Z","timestamp":1766580257024,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"High-level Talents Introduction Foundation of Anhui Science and Technology University","award":["DKYJ202401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DKYJ202401"]}]},{"name":"Major Agricultural Extension Projects in Zhenjiang"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research indicates that TRF improves mammalian metabolism and health via the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis. Previous studies showed that TRF promotes pig growth, but the intestinal mechanisms remain unclear. This study explored the impact of TRF on pig intestinal functions. Twelve male pigs were split into ad libitum feeding (FA) and TRF groups. FA pigs had free access to feed, whereas TRF pigs were fed during 07:00\u201308:00, 12:00\u201313:00, and 17:00\u201318:00. TRF enhanced crude protein digestibility by 18.9% (p = 0.045) and increased pancreatic chymotrypsin and lipase activities, while reducing ileal amylase, sucrase, and lipase activities. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1339 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the jejunum and 268 in the colon, indicating segment-specific responses. Jejunal DEGs were associated with protein digestion and absorption (e.g., SLC1A1, SLC38A2, XPNPEP2), extracellular matrix\u2013receptor interaction, and PI3K-Akt signaling, while colonic DEGs were linked to starch and sucrose metabolism and circadian entrainment. Importantly, TRF decreased colonic starch by 24% (p = 0.02) and cellulose by 18% (p = 0.04), with low impact on nitrogenous substrates. These results suggest that TRF improves protein absorption in the upper intestine and carbohydrate metabolism in the lower intestine, providing insights for refining TRF strategies in precision nutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16010052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T12:22:27Z","timestamp":1766578947000},"page":"52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Segment-Specific Functional Responses of Swine Intestine to Time-Restricted Feeding Regime"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9513-5711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoshu","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhenjiang Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Zhenjiang 212000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhenjiang Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Zhenjiang 212000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7199-0185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2228","article-title":"Effects of time-restricted feeding on the growth performance and liver metabolism of pigs","volume":"53","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Vet. 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