{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:03:52Z","timestamp":1792440232666,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1302000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1302000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20240101012JJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240101012JJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rumen microbiota is pivotal for nutrient metabolism and physiological adaptation in ruminants. This study investigated the rumen microbial community, fermentation parameters, and serum biochemistry of three Cervid species\u2014Sika deer (Cervus nippon), Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), and Milu deer (Elaphurus davidianus) (n = 5\/group)\u2014fed an identical diet. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical analyses, we found that while Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were dominant phyla across species. Sika deer and Milu deer exhibited significantly higher microbial diversity and abundance of carbohydrate-digesting genera (e.g., Butyrivibrio, Saccharofermentans), and pathways of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, starch and sucrose metabolism compared to Reindeer. Conversely, Reindeer showed increased abundances of Lachnospiraceae ND3007 and butyrate metabolism pathway, and significantly elevated rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, particularly acetate and butyrate. Serum profiling revealed that Milu deer had significantly higher lipid levels (CHO, TG, LDL-C) but lower total protein and AST levels compared to other species. Notably, WGCNA linked these blood lipid traits to host genes enriched in PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and bile secretion pathways. These findings demonstrate distinct species-specific rumen fermentation patterns and host metabolic adaptations, suggesting a coordinated regulation between the rumen microbiome and host genetics in Cervid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16010116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T13:30:52Z","timestamp":1767187852000},"page":"116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Distinct Rumen Microbial Features and Host Metabolic Responses in Three Cervid Species"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4157-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxi","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4721-5047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huazhe","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8474-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s220","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118001957","article-title":"The compositional variation of the rumen microbiome and its effect on host performance and methane emission","volume":"12","author":"Mizrahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4110","article-title":"Cultivation and sequencing of rumen microbiome members from the Hungate1000 Collection","volume":"36","author":"Seshadri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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