{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:43:10Z","timestamp":1790995390883,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phosphorus (P) is a key macromineral essential for numerous physiological processes, including energy metabolism, skeletal mineralization, and cellular signaling. In dairy cattle, its homeostasis is tightly regulated by parathyroid hormone, calcitriol, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Phosphorus deficiency is common during the transition period and is associated with reduced milk yield, anemia, muscle weakness, and immunosuppression in severe or prolonged cases. This review summarizes the current understanding of phosphorus metabolism in ruminants, emphasizing differences from monogastric species, hormonal regulation, and the clinical manifestations of deficiency. Particular attention is given to postpartum hypophosphatemia, its relationship with acute-phase proteins, and the pathogenesis of postpartum hemoglobinuria and recumbency. The review also discusses diagnostic methods for assessing phosphorus status, recent findings on FGF23 physiology in cattle, and including demonstrated effects of phosphorus imbalance on periparturient immune suppression and increased environmental phosphorus losses through manure. Maintaining optimal phosphorus nutrition is crucial for bovine health, productivity, and reduction in environmental phosphorus losses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16010130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T09:56:23Z","timestamp":1767347783000},"page":"130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Phosphorus Metabolism and Function in Ruminants: Current Knowledge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4801-3073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Abramowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-912 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4442-2833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Tomaszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-912 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4935-3233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliwia","family":"Brzezi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-912 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"K\u0142os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-912 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Urosevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovi\u0107a 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5408-6610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Kurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-912 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phosphorus deficiency influences rumen microbial activity","volume":"4","author":"Mudgal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Zool. Anim. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Phosphorus metabolism in dairy cattle: A literature study on recent developments and missing links","volume":"910","author":"Goselink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wageningen UR Livest. Res. 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