{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T17:31:21Z","timestamp":1768584681791,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Following the downregulation of testicular endocrine and germinative function by slow-release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-agonist implants, testicular functions are quickly restored after implant removal. As an intact blood\u2013testis barrier (BTB) is crucial for normal spermatogenesis and its integrity is FSH- and androgen-dependent, alterations in the BTB gene and protein expressions during downregulation and subsequent restart seem inevitable. We investigated occludin (OCLN), claudin (CLDN) 3, 5, 11, and connexin (CX) 43 mRNA-, and CLDN11 and CX43 protein expressions during GnRH implant-induced downregulation (W0) and restart of spermatogenesis after implant removal (week, W, 3\u201312). Untreated juvenile (JG) and adult dogs (CG) served as controls. Sertoli cells were significantly affected by treatment (reduced nuclear area, OCLN, and CLDN5 expressions). All investigated genes (except CLDN3) differed significantly during restart (W0\u201312) compared with CG (p &lt; 0.05). CLDN11 and CX43 immunopositive staining was absent or diffuse cytoplasmic at downregulation and relocated at W9, indicating disruption and subsequent restorage of BTB. As W0 and JG differed considerably, our results suggest that the model cannot mimic puberty. In conclusion, GnRH implant-induced long-term gonadotropin suppression disrupts testicular CX43 and CLDN11 distribution and changes gap and tight junction mRNA expression. Treatment effects are reversible suggesting re-establishment of the BTB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16020254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:12:04Z","timestamp":1768403524000},"page":"254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Testicular Gap (CX43) and Tight Junction (OCLN, CLDN3, 5 and 11) Components in the Dog Are Affected by GnRH-Mediated Downregulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4327-9780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Goericke-Pesch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 106, 35392 Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"Unit for Reproductive Medicine\u2014Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"R\u00f6hrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 106, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Wallrabenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 106, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnete","family":"Frim\u00f8dt R\u00f8nnow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, H\u00f8jbakkeg\u00e5rd 5, 2630 T\u00e5strup, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7945-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Fietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 94, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0489-7594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"Brehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3842-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Langeheine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3313-4852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel","family":"Wehrend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 106, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 106, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0842-6615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"K\u00f6rber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Reproductive Medicine\u2014Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6694-3851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva-Maria","family":"Packeiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Reproductive Medicine\u2014Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, B\u00fcnteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod60.5.1263","article-title":"Defects in the germ line and gonads of mice lacking connexin43","volume":"60","author":"Juneja","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. 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