{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:01:06Z","timestamp":1789002066842,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003627","name":"Rural Development Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00399164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00399164"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of rumen-protected \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplementation on milk productivity of lactating Holstein cows. Eighteen Holstein dairy cows (mean parity, 2.2 \u00b1 1.0 year; mean milk yield, 34.3 \u00b1 5.5 kg) were selected in a commercial dairy farm for the experiment. The experiment was conducted from 17 July 2024 to 11 September 2024 (56 days). Generally, THI 72 is set as a threshold since the productivity of Holstein cows starts to decrease. Animals were exposed to heat stress conditions (THI \u2265 72) during the experimental period. The basal diet was fed as a total mixed ration (TMR), and GABA was top-dressed onto the TMR. The treatments were basal diet (Control), basal diet supplemented with rumen-protected GABA 3 g\/d (Treatment 1), and basal diet supplemented with rumen-protected GABA 6 g\/d (Treatment 2) as a completely randomized design. Statistical significance was compared between the control and GABA treatment groups using the method of repeated measurement. Increased levels of rumen-protected GABA supplementation tended to mitigate the decline in milk yield associated with heat stress (p = 0.083). Milk fat content in the GABA supplementation groups was significantly greater than that in the control group (p = 0.036). Milk lactose content was significantly increased by GABA supplementation (p = 0.017). Blood metabolic profiles and cortisol did not differ significantly between the control and GABA supplementation groups. Activities in the GABA supplementation groups were significantly greater than those in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Rest and rumination times in the GABA supplementation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that rumen-protected GABA can be a practical nutritional intervention for minimizing productivity losses in Holstein cows during periods of elevated ambient temperature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16020262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T12:31:41Z","timestamp":1768480301000},"page":"262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Rumen-Protected GABA (\u03b3-Aminobutyric Acid) on Milk Productivity and Blood Profiles of Dairy Cattle Under Heat Stress Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2511-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Hye","family":"Joo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marketing, Milae Bioresources Co., Ltd., Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2201-4502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Sik","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, Harim Co., Ltd., Daejeon 08793, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0679-5663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honggu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0234-5665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won Seob","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Resources, Daegu University, Daegu 38453, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8328-3522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keun Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5759-4108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yognjun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Life Convergence Science, HanKeung National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"IPCC, 2021: Climate Change 2021\u2014The Physical Science Basis","volume":"49","author":"Legg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interaction"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2025, November 17). 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