{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T05:16:26Z","timestamp":1769318186445,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency and Slovenian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food","award":["Project number V-4 2024 and Programme group number P4-0092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project number V-4 2024 and Programme group number P4-0092"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to improve surgical caponisation and identify stress factors associated with different pain management methods and post-operative periods. A total of 72 Prelux-G cockerels were caponised at six weeks of age. Eight experimental groups were established based on caponisation status and pain management. Four groups were caponised using different pain management protocols (none, anaesthesia only, analgesia only, or both), while four non-caponised groups served as controls, including one group that received anaesthesia and analgesia without surgery. The remaining three groups served as non-caponised controls with varying levels of handling. The researchers monitored body weight, feed intake, respiratory and heart rate, vocalisations, response to pain, and depth of anaesthesia. The results confirmed that caponisation is painful, as reflected in increased physiological responses and vocalisations. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone did not provide effective pain relief. Additionally, the surgical procedure had no significant effect on weight gain or feed intake during the seven days following surgery. Stress levels, measured by blood serum corticosterone concentration, also increased during the procedure. The study concludes that anaesthesia significantly reduces pain and facilitates surgery, which is essential for improving animal welfare.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16030355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T14:58:40Z","timestamp":1769180320000},"page":"355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Different Approaches to Caponisation of Cockerels and Their Relation to Welfare"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3264-1323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alenka","family":"Dov\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Poultry, Birds, Small Animals and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbi\u010deva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"National Centre for Animal Welfare, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbi\u010deva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jurij","family":"\u017del","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbi\u010deva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8106-5499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gordana","family":"Greguri\u0107 Gra\u010dner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Hygiene, Behaviour and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Cvetko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbi\u010deva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Budin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Hospital, Vipava, Gradi\u0161ka Cesta 10, 5271 Vipava, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3277-1788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoran","family":"\u017dlabravec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Poultry, Birds, Small Animals and Reptiles, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbi\u010deva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Primo\u017e","family":"Klinc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Centre for Domestic and Laboratory Animals, Clinic for Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbi\u010deva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2014-0050","article-title":"Capon production\u2014Breeding stock, rooster castration and rearing methods, and meat quality\u2014A Review","volume":"14","author":"Calik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. 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