{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T04:13:29Z","timestamp":1769573609479,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NBO3 Technologies"},{"name":"2021 Global Food Systems Seed Grant program at Kansas State University"},{"name":"Research Capacity Fund\/Hatch Multistate","award":["1014097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1014097"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the linoleic\u2013\u03b1-linolenic acid ratio (LA:ALA) on cyclicity, oocyte quality, early pregnancy parameters, milk yield, and composition. Holstein cows were randomized to a 6:1-LA:ALA diet (Low-OMG3: n = 3 pens; 11 primiparous, 14 multiparous) or a 2:1-LA:ALA diet (High-OMG3: n = 3 pens; 10 primiparous, 14 multiparous). Diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and fed between 15 and 140 days in milk (DIM). Data were compared using linear mixed models. As expected, omega-3 concentrations in milk and blood increased in the High- compared to Low-OMG3 cows. No effect of diet was observed on cyclicity by 45DIM or oocyte quality at 50DIM. High-OMG3 cows had larger corpus luteum size (11\u201332 d post-timed artificial insemination [TAI]) and greater blood flow (32\u201360 d post-TAI) than Low-OMG3 cows. However, there was no effect of diet on progesterone, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, or conceptus size. High-OMG3 cows produced more milk throughout the study, had greater lactose, and tended to have greater protein yield at 50DIM. In conclusion, decreasing the LA:ALA dietary ratio in lactating dairy cows did not provide evidence of effects on cyclicity, oocyte quality, or other early pregnancy-related parameters, but affected corpus luteum size and blood flow, enhanced milk production, and partially increased protein and lactose yields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16030395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T15:41:56Z","timestamp":1769528516000},"page":"395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lower Omega-6\u2013Omega-3 Ratio Increased Milk Production and Had Limited Effects on Early Pregnancy Development in Dairy Cattle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Santiago Andres","family":"Paez Hurtado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, 1424 Claflin Rd, 126 Weber Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4722-8152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leticia P.","family":"Sanglard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoetis, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Ferreira Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, 1424 Claflin Rd, 126 Weber Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa 36570, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4027-7314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Sofia","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1437-1212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ethel","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3704-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone E. F.","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Vi\u00e7osa 36570, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Drouillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, 1424 Claflin Rd, 126 Weber Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micheal J.","family":"Brouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, 1424 Claflin Rd, 126 Weber Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1557-4157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor E.","family":"Gomez-Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, 1424 Claflin Rd, 126 Weber Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18S","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607115595980","article-title":"Functional Roles of Fatty Acids and Their Effects on Human Health","volume":"39","author":"Calder","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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