{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T06:15:38Z","timestamp":1770963338201,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32360887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32360887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32460894"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32460894"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Projects of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps","award":["2021BC008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021BC008"]}]},{"name":"Important Science & Technology Specific Projects of the State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production","award":["2021ZD02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Echinococcosis is a significant zoonotic disease that the World Health Organization (WHO) aims to eliminate by 2050. Current drug-based control faces challenges such as drug resistance, highlighting the urgent need to develop vaccines as a supplementary strategy. Although some progress has been made in the study of intermediate host vaccines using antigens such as Eg95, there is still no commercial vaccine available for the definitive host, canines\u2014which are crucial for transmission\u2014and it is not yet suitable for large-scale use. While vaccine studies targeting the key enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in parasite energy metabolism remain scarce, they represent a promising area of potential. (2) Methods: The B cell antigen epitopes of LDH were analyzed, and prokaryotic (pET-28a-EgLDH) and eukaryotic (pVAX1-EgLDH) DNA vaccine expression vectors were constructed. After verifying expression and immunogenicity via qRT-PCR and WB, in vitro validation was performed in 293T cells. Mice were immunized with the vaccine and then challenged with the parasite; blood was collected from the orbital sinus, and IgG levels and cytokines were measured by ELISA. Protective effects were assessed through counting liver cysts and histopathological analysis. (3) Results: We constructed the pVAX1-EgLDH plasmid and immunized Kunming (KM) mice. Compared with the PBS control group, the vaccine group showed an 80.95% reduction in liver cysts (Quil-A group: 19.00%). Histopathological analysis indicated no significant liver damage, although the spleens in the vaccine group were smaller. ELISA results demonstrated an increase in total IgG (p &lt; 0.05), and cytokine analysis showed elevated levels of IL-1 (p &lt; 0.01), IL-4, and IL-10 (p &lt; 0.001), whereas IL-5 and IFN-\u03b3 showed no significant changes (p &gt; 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The EgLDH DNA vaccine can elicit a specific immune response and significantly reduce cyst burden, providing theoretical basis and data support for its use as a candidate vaccine for the prevention and control of Echinococcosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16040555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:15:12Z","timestamp":1770801312000},"page":"555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["EgLDH as a Novel Target: Design and Preliminary Efficacy Assessment of a DNA Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jianan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuke","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juncheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinwen","family":"Bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengrong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"403","article-title":"Epidemiological status of Cystic echinococcosis and research progress of Echinococcus granulosus vaccine candidate antigens in dog","volume":"44","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. 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