{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T19:54:59Z","timestamp":1775678099756,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The scientific understanding of cetacean pathology has advanced significantly in recent decades. However, data concerning the health status of members of the family Kogiidae remains scarce. This study presents a comprehensive pathological assessment and determination of causes of death in 45 stranded kogiids, comprising 35 Kogia breviceps and 10 K. sima, along the coasts of the Canary Islands between 1999 and 2018. Causes of death (CD) were classified as natural (30\/45; 66.6%) or anthropogenic (11\/45; 24.4%), while the cause remained undetermined in four cases (9%). Among natural causes, the most prevalent etiologies included trauma (13\/30; 43.3%), infectious (7\/30; 23.3%), parasitic (5\/30; 16.6%), cardiomyopathy (3\/30; 10%), malnutrition (1\/30; 3.3%), and fetal distress (1\/30; 3.3%). Anthropogenic causes were vessel collisions (7\/11; 63.6%), interactions with fishing activities (2\/11; 18.2%), and foreign body-associated pathology (2\/11; 18.2%). Notably, intra- and interspecific traumatic interactions were frequently identified in this cohort, and variable degrees of gross and histologic cardiomyopathic changes were observed in 68.9% of individuals (31\/45) without evident sex bias. Septicemia caused by Clostridium perfringens and C. tertium was confirmed in three cases. Additionally, cervical gill slit adenitis by Crassicauda sp. (15\/45; 33%) and parasitic gastritis by Anisakis sp. (27\/45; 60%) were frequent findings. These findings provide novel insights into the pathologic spectrum affecting kogiids and enhance the current understanding of their health status, with implications for diagnostic protocols, stranding response, and conservation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16040594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:52:21Z","timestamp":1770979941000},"page":"594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pathology and Cause of Death in Stranded Kogiids: A Retrospective Study from the Canary Islands (1999\u20132018)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5378-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"D\u00edaz-Santana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35413 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain"},{"name":"Veterinary Pathology Centre, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5281-0521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35413 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1216-5446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu\u00e9","family":"D\u00edaz-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0409-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35413 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2365-351X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Quesada-Canales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35413 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7632-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vidal","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canary Islands Cetaceans Research Centre, Society for the Study of Cetaceans in the Canary Archipelago (SECAC), 35500 Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3749-8845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35413 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8307-3915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nakita","family":"C\u00e2mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35413 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1623-5010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Arbelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Veterinary Histology and Pathology, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35413 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Committee on Taxonomy (2025, May 29). 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