{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:45:57Z","timestamp":1787161557693,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) is a potent environmental toxicant known to accumulate in the liver; however, the molecular underpinnings of its hepatotoxicity remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the biochemical mechanisms of Cr6+-induced liver injury and the protective efficacy of selenomethionine (Se-Met) using a transgenic zebrafish model. We demonstrate that exposure precipitates severe hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by the dysregulation of lipid metabolism genes and the activation of ferroptosis pathways. Specifically, Cr6+ toxicity was driven by the depletion of glutathione (GSH) and the suppression of the anti-ferroptotic protein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Notably, these pathological alterations were significantly attenuated by both the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and low-dose Se-Met. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiling revealed that Se-Met exerts its protective effects primarily by modulating glycerolipid metabolism, thereby mitigating lipid accumulation. Collectively, our findings establish ferroptosis as a critical driver of Cr6+-induced hepatotoxicity and highlight Se-Met as a promising biochemical intervention to mitigate chromium-associated hepatic damage in aquaculture systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16040687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T11:39:10Z","timestamp":1771846750000},"page":"687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mechanism of Liver Injury Induced by Cr6+ in Zebrafish and Protective Effect of Selenomethionine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yangfan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinru","family":"Bo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingtian","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2372-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, West Waihuan Road 378, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-015-4563-x","article-title":"Development of a hybrid pollution index for heavy metals in marine and estuarine sediments","volume":"187","author":"Brady","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. 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