{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T18:36:38Z","timestamp":1772649398771,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Arauc\u00e1ria de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico do Estado do Paran\u00e1","award":["73\/GR\/UFFS\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["73\/GR\/UFFS\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Circadian rhythm regulates several physiological functions, and influences endocrine and metabolic responses in mammals, with cortisol acting as important modulator of this mechanism. Cortisol secretion is affected by both internal and external factors and is intensified under stress conditions. The response to surgical stress is consistently observed after surgical procedures, such as ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of the circadian rhythm on the surgical stress response following elective OVH in healthy bitches. Twenty patients weighing between 10 and 20 kg were hospitalized 48 h before surgery and remained hospitalized for 48 h postoperative. The animals were randomly allocated into two groups and underwent OVH either in the morning (6\u20138 h\u2014a.m., GAM) or at night (18\u201320 h\u2014p.m., GPM). Surgical procedures were standardized with respect to the surgical team, technique applied and duration; this was carried out in order to induce a comparable level of surgical stress. Physical parameters (systolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature) and laboratorial analyses (cortisol, leukogram, protein thiols, no protein thiols, vitamin C, ferric reducing ability of plasma and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) were assessed immediately before surgery and at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, as well as 14 days postoperatively. No significant changes in cortisol profile were detected. However, significant alteration in the respiratory rate, rectal temperature, time to first urine, and lipid peroxidation were observed in the GPM group, suggesting that surgeries performed at night induce greater disturbances in homeostasis than those performed in the morning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16050795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T16:17:31Z","timestamp":1772641051000},"page":"795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of Circadian Rhythm on the Surgical Stress Response in Bitches Undergoing Elective Ovariohysterectomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5651-9471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline Silva","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Post Graduation in Sa\u00fade, Bem-Estar e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal Sustent\u00e1vel na Fronteira Sul (PPG-SBPAS), Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza 85770-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa Pereira","family":"Zacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Course of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza 85770-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Course of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza 85770-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6425-9916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio","family":"Oleszczyszyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Course of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza 85770-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helo\u00edsa Vieira","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Post Graduation in Sa\u00fade, Bem-Estar e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal Sustent\u00e1vel na Fronteira Sul (PPG-SBPAS), Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza 85770-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lincoln Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Marcilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Course of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza 85770-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3419-9674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalila Moter","family":"Benvegn\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Post Graduation in Sa\u00fade, Bem-Estar e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal Sustent\u00e1vel na Fronteira Sul (PPG-SBPAS), Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza 85770-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8632-2101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Beijamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Course of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza 85770-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Dalmolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Course of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universit\u00e1rio Mater Dei (UNIMATER), Pato Branco 85501-200, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Champion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Post Graduation in Sa\u00fade, Bem-Estar e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal Sustent\u00e1vel na Fronteira Sul (PPG-SBPAS), Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza 85770-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gentil Ferreira","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Post Graduation in Sa\u00fade, Bem-Estar e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal Sustent\u00e1vel na Fronteira Sul (PPG-SBPAS), Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza 85770-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4553-7114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fab\u00edola","family":"Dalmolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program of Post Graduation in Sa\u00fade, Bem-Estar e Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Animal Sustent\u00e1vel na Fronteira Sul (PPG-SBPAS), Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Realeza 85770-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Macphail, C., Fossum, T.W., and Fossum, T.W. 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