{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:41:05Z","timestamp":1775742065411,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary","award":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00010"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary","award":["2023-1.1.1-PIACI_F\u00d3KUSZ-2024-00039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-1.1.1-PIACI_F\u00d3KUSZ-2024-00039"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary","award":["2024-1.1.1-KKV_F\u00d3KUSZ-2024-00069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-1.1.1-KKV_F\u00d3KUSZ-2024-00069"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary","award":["GINOP_PLUSZ-2.1.1-21-2022-00157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GINOP_PLUSZ-2.1.1-21-2022-00157"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The family Caliciviridae encompasses a diverse group of non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses that are significant pathogens in veterinary medicine. This narrative review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the clinical, molecular, and epidemiological features of the three calicivirus genera identified in bovine hosts: Norovirus, Nebovirus, and Vesivirus. Bovine noroviruses and neboviruses are neglected enteric pathogens, frequently detected in association with neonatal calf diarrhea and often present in co-infections with other enteric agents. Clinical presentations for these enteric viruses range from severe, watery diarrhea to asymptomatic shedding, with distinct pathogenic profiles observed between norovirus genotypes GIII.1 and GIII.2. In contrast, the genus Vesivirus exhibits a broad host range, and bovine vesivirus strains are phylogenetically linked to vesiviruses identified in pigs and marine animals. Bovine vesivirus infections are associated with a broader spectrum of clinical manifestations, including respiratory disease, vesicular lesions, and abortion. Serological and virological surveys indicate that exposure to these viruses is ubiquitous in cattle populations globally. While direct evidence of human infection by bovine noroviruses and neboviruses remains limited, vesiviruses possess a confirmed capacity for cross-species transmission to humans. Significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly regarding in vitro culture systems, necessitating further research to facilitate vaccine development and clarify transmission dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16050829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:43:07Z","timestamp":1772808187000},"page":"829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Calicivirus Infections in Cattle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kriszti\u00e1n","family":"B\u00e1nyai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, HUN-REN Veterinary Medical Research Institute, 1143 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2200-6203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valantine","family":"Ndze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Bogd\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural and Food Research Center, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, 9026 Gy\u0151r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4457-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural and Food Research Center, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, 9026 Gy\u0151r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3116-4633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zs\u00f3fia","family":"Lanszki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory of Virology, Szent\u00e1gothai Research Centre, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"},{"name":"Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of P\u00e9cs, 7624 P\u00e9cs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4614-677X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianvito","family":"Lanave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0026-8472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6192-7166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Teramo, Localit\u00e0 Piano D\u2019Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5740-6947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito","family":"Martella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001332","article-title":"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Caliciviridae","volume":"100","author":"Estes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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