{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:13:46Z","timestamp":1788790426601,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014579","name":"National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administrations, Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJ01749605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ01749605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the nutritional adequacy of commercial dog and cat foods in South Korea by comparing analytically determined nutrient contents with recommended nutrient levels of the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) and the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). A total of 96 pet food products for puppies (n = 50), adult dogs (n = 18), kittens (n = 17), and adult cats (n = 11) were collected. Nutrients, including crude protein, crude fat, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, major minerals, and selected trace nutrients, were analyzed using accredited methods stipulated by the Korean Feed Control Act and compared with NIAS and AAFCO recommendations. Most adult dog and cat diets met recommended nutrient levels; however, deficiencies were identified in diets intended for growth. Puppy foods showed inadequate levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA + DHA, 72%), calcium (22%), and phosphorus (42%), as well as imbalanced calcium-to-phosphorus ratios (12%). In kitten diets, insufficient EPA + DHA (41.2%) and taurine (11.8%) were observed. In contrast, 82.3% of products met label-declared guaranteed analysis values for seven mandatory nutrients. These results provide baseline information on the nutritional adequacy and labeling compliance of pet foods across different life stages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16060909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:59:44Z","timestamp":1773406784000},"page":"909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nutritional Evaluation of Commercial Dog and Cat Foods Based on Key Nutrient Requirements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3620-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Woo","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4860-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4861-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo-Do","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8024-1135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Yeob","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic-Industrial Cooperation Organization, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9497-3345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoung-Min","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Cao, H., and Lin, L. 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