{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:08:46Z","timestamp":1791256126276,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD2400102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD2400102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["2022JJA130338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022JJA130338"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32360922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32360922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32102831"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32102831"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Hunan Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025JJ50145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ50145"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Hunan Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025JJ50144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ50144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Education Department key project","award":["23A0499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23A0499"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chinese herbal medicine is rich in active ingredients that can promote growth and enhance immune function. In this study, Lycium barbarum, Panax ginseng, Astragalus membranaceus and Phragmitis rhizoma were crushed and mixed to prepare a compound Chinese herbal medicine. The basic feed of Megalobrama amblycephala was supplemented with 0 (control group), 1% (T1), 2% (T2) and 4% (T3) of this compound medicine. After raising for 90 days, in the T1 and T2 experimental groups, the length and width of intestinal villi and the activities of amylase, trypsin and lipase in the intestine were significantly higher than those in the control group. The weight gain rate and specific growth rates were highest and the feed coefficient was lowest in the T2 experimental group. In the control group, a large number of dilated hepatic sinusoids were detected, while this number significantly decreased in the T1 experimental group and they were not detected at all in the T2 and T3 experimental groups. The spleen and liver body indices were highest in the T2 experimental group. In all experimental groups, the Lys content and the activities of T-SOD, CAT, ACP, AKP and GSH-PX in serum were significantly higher than those of the control group. The expression of IgM, C3, TNF-\u0251 and IL-1\u03b2 in the head kidney; C3, TNF-\u0251 and IL-1\u03b2 in the spleen; C3 and IL-1\u03b2 in the gills; IgM, C3 and IL-1\u03b2 in liver; and IL-1\u03b2 in the intestine was highest in the T2 experimental group. After challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, the cumulative mortality rate of M. amblycephala was lowest in the T2 experimental group. The results of this study indicated that this compound Chinese herbal medicine could significantly enhance immunity, increase the activity of intestinal digestion-related enzymes and promote the growth of M. amblycephala. The appropriate addition amount of this compound Chinese herbal medicine in the basic feed of M. amblycephala was 2%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16060925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:32:07Z","timestamp":1773667927000},"page":"925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effects of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine on the Growth and Digestive and Immune Systems of Megalobrama amblycephala"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xijing","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish Sub-Center for Health Aquaculture, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunsheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish Sub-Center for Health Aquaculture, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish Sub-Center for Health Aquaculture, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture of Guangxi, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Featured Aquaculture, Hunan Applied and Technology University, Changde 415000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huangjie","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish Sub-Center for Health Aquaculture, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish Sub-Center for Health Aquaculture, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Featured Aquaculture, Hunan Applied and Technology University, Changde 415000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rurou","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Featured Aquaculture, Hunan Applied and Technology University, Changde 415000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture of Guangxi, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish Sub-Center for Health Aquaculture, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural of the People\u2019 Republic of China (2019). 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