{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T15:00:43Z","timestamp":1774278043369,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the most important aspects of animal production is the reproductive behavior, where a widely used strategy in small ruminants is the \u201cmale effect\u201d. However, the response to this effect can vary depending on several factors, including the social rank (SR) of both sexes. The objective of this study was to evaluate how SR influences morphometric and socio-sexual variables in Dorper sheep in Northern Mexico. Through behavioral tests, 33 rams and 59 ewes were divided into two groups taking into account their SR. Rams included high SR (HSR; n = 14) and low SR (LSR; n = 19), while ewes included HSR (n = 23) and LSR (n = 36). Morphometric response variables included age, live weight, body condition, thoracic circumference, wither height, presence of horns, and testicular circumference, whereas reproductive variables included estrus rate, ovulation rate, corpus luteum, left ovary, right ovary, pregnancy rate, and embryos\u2019 number. The results showed no differences (p &gt; 0.05) for the morphometric variables considered, whilst, regarding the reproductive variables, the LSR rams \u00d7 HSR ewes group showed the highest number of embryos (p &lt; 0.05), and the corpus luteum number was higher in the HSR rams \u00d7 HSR ewes group (p &lt; 0.05). However, no significant differences were found for the remaining variables (p &gt; 0.05). Improving productive and reproductive performance can contribute to increased income for sheep farmers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16060994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:53:34Z","timestamp":1774274014000},"page":"994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Importance of Social Hierarchy in Morphometry, and Socio-Sexual and Reproductive Behaviors in Dorper Sheep in Northern Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Silvestre","family":"Moreno-Avalos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Division of Animal Science, Antonio Narro Agrarian Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon, Coahuila 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Gaytan-Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Division of Animal Science, Antonio Narro Agrarian Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon, Coahuila 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1817-1647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aracely","family":"Zu\u00f1iga-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Division of Animal Science, Antonio Narro Agrarian Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon, Coahuila 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5154-9067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Gerardo","family":"V\u00e9liz-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Division of Animal Science, Antonio Narro Agrarian Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon, Coahuila 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1799-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"D\u00edaz-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Division of Animal Science, Antonio Narro Agrarian Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon, Coahuila 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2692-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Division of Animal Science, Antonio Narro Agrarian Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon, Coahuila 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9198-5372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viridiana","family":"Contreras-Villarreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Division of Animal Science, Antonio Narro Agrarian Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon, Coahuila 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6134-0218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart\u00edn Alfredo","family":"Legarreta-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technological University of the Tarahumara, Guachochi, Chihuahua 33180, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7867-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cayetano","family":"Navarrete-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Division of Animal Science, Antonio Narro Agrarian Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon, Coahuila 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5105-1508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Gerardo","family":"V\u00e9liz-Deras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Division of Animal Science, Antonio Narro Agrarian Autonomous University, Laguna Unit, Torreon, Coahuila 27054, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Respuesta Reproductiva de las Cabras An\u00e9stricas Sometidas al Efecto Macho Utilizando Machos de Alta y Baja Jerarqu\u00eda","volume":"12","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agraria"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farrell, L.J., Kenyon, P.R., Morris, S.T., and Tozer, P.R. 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