{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:41:36Z","timestamp":1775742096409,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"earmarked fund for CARS","award":["CARS-46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-46"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20240324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20240324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research aimed to examine the effects of different dietary levels of nano-selenium (NSE) on the reproductive performance, gonad hormones, histopathology, growth performance, feed utilization, and body indices in adult Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, broodstock for 90 days. The initial weights of the fish were 278.6 \u00b1 5.5 (males) and 178.4 \u00b1 1.6 (females). They were distributed randomly to 15 tanks with 20 fish in each tank (15 females and 5 males, sex ratio 3:1), with each treatment conducted with three replicates. The contents of NSE in five isocaloric and isonitrogenous practical feeds were 0 mg\/kg (control), 1 mg\/kg (T1), 2 mg\/kg (T2), 3 mg\/kg (T3), and 4 mg\/kg (T4). Results show that the final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly better in T2 and T1, followed by the control, in comparison with others. On the other hand, growth efficiency was decreased in T3 and T4 of both males and females. Referring to body indices and reproductive performance, females were higher than males in the hepatosomatic index (HSI), where the lowest treatment was the control and T4 for both males and females. Female Nile tilapia brood fish given NSE improved reproductive performance indicators (egg number, total egg, and fry number) when compared with the control. With increasing levels of NSE in the feed, the levels of testosterone and progesterone hormones were increased. The highest values for testosterone were in T4, followed by T3, then T2, T1, and the control. The same trend was observed across the progesterone treatments. Additionally, the results of histopathological examination indicate differences in tissues between different treatments as a result of the addition of NSE. These results indicate that NSE supplementation at low levels could lead to improved growth and reproductive efficiency of Nile tilapia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16081142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T12:21:32Z","timestamp":1775737292000},"page":"1142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Diet Supplemented with Nano-Selenium on Reproductive Performance, and Sexual Hormones, Pathological Response of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6502-3914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hualiang","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingchun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9189-4211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Mohamed","family":"Aboseif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11796, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enas A.","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11796, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramadan M.","family":"Abou Zied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed F.","family":"Sadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gabriel, N.N., Habte-Tsion, H.M., and Haulofu, M. (2022). Perspectives of Nanotechnology in Aquaculture: Fish Nutrition, Disease, and Water Treatment, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80371-1_15"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30907","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06178-8","article-title":"Will the antimicrobial properties of ZnONPs turn it into a more suitable option than AgNPs for water filtration? Comparative study on the removal of fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila, from the culture of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","volume":"26","author":"Nemati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayda, S., Adeel, M., Tuccinardi, T., Cordani, M., and Rizzolio, F. (2020). The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical-Physical Applications to Nanomedicine. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010112"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaf.2021.12.006","article-title":"Nanotechnology in aquaculture: Applications, perspectives and regulatory challenges","volume":"7","author":"Fajardo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquac. Fish."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, N., Hussain, S.M., Ali, S., Tahir, M.F., Sarker, P.K., and Shahid, M. (2024). Nano-selenium supplementation: Improving growth, digestibility and mineral absorption in freshwater fish, Catla catla. BMC Vet. Res., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04318-y"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21990","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72022-w","article-title":"Dietary biogenic selenium nanoparticles improve growth and immune antioxidant indices without inducing inflammatory responses in Nile tilapia","volume":"14","author":"Elbahnaswy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zahran, E., Elbahnaswy, S., Ahmed, F., Risha, E., Mansour, A.T., Alqahtani, A.S., Awadin, W., and Sebaei, M.G.E. (2024). Dietary microalgal fabricated selenium nanoparticles improve Nile tilapia biochemical indices, immune-related gene expression, and intestinal immunity. BMC Vet. Res., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-03966-4"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.13074\/jent.2024.03.234490","article-title":"Incorporation of Nano-selenium in Fish Diet and Assessment of Growth Performance and Biochemical Criteria of Labeo rohita","volume":"13","author":"Senthamara","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2025.116480","article-title":"Camphor Oil-Enriched Diets: Impact on Growth, Immune Response, and Gonadal Development of Nile tilapia","volume":"329","author":"Mohammady","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-023-01230-4","article-title":"Nano-selenium impacts on growth performance, digestive enzymes, antioxidant, immune resistance, and histopathological scores of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus against Aspergillus flavus infection","volume":"32","author":"Eissa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquac. Int."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2025.102722","article-title":"Exploring the effect of dietary nano-selenium and\/or Vitamin E and their interplay on reproductive physiology of Nile tilapia broodstock: Insights into spawning performance, haemato-biochemical profile, gene expression, and gonadal architecture","volume":"41","author":"Ghanem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7480824","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/7480824","article-title":"Dietary Selenium Nanoparticles Improved Growth and Health Indices in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) Juveniles Reared in High Saline Water","volume":"2024","author":"Mohtashemipour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquac. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02416-0","article-title":"Nano-selenium Supplementation to Ameliorate Nutrition Physiology, Immune Response, Antioxidant System, and Disease Resistance Against Aeromonas hydrophila in Monosex Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"199","author":"Rathore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1139\/f73-068","article-title":"Metabolic rates and critical swimming speeds of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in relation to size and temperature","volume":"30","author":"Brett","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Fish. Board Can."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2024.102269","article-title":"Black soldier fly oil-based diets enriched in lauric acid enhance growth, hematological indices, and fatty acid profiles of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fry","volume":"37","author":"Goda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-3705-9","article-title":"Analysis of thyroid hormones in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"397","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/28.1.56","article-title":"A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases","volume":"28","author":"Reitman","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Tietz, N.W. (1995). Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, W.B. Saunders Company."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/3001478","article-title":"Multiple Range and Multiple F Tests","volume":"11","author":"Duncan","year":"1955","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734770","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into diverse nano-based strategies for aquaculture enhancement: A holistic review","volume":"519","author":"Moges","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.104062","article-title":"Construction, characterization, antioxidant activity, and effects on properties in vitro digestion of selenium nanoparticles decorated with Cyperus esculentus polysaccharides","volume":"59","author":"Zhai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"108907","article-title":"Supplementation of nano-selenium in fish diet: Impact on selenium assimilation and immune\u2014Regulated selenoproteome expression in monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"240","author":"Rathore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Phys. C"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2024.102107","article-title":"Nano-selenium (nano-Se) removes the detrimental impacts of plant-based diets on the production performance and well-being of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","volume":"36","author":"Keyvanshokooh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquac. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nisa, S., Fatima, M., Zakir, S., Shah, H., Khan, N., Aftab, B.T., Ali, W., Sana, S., and Fatima, A. (2024). Evaluation of growth, antioxidant status, hepatic enzymes, and immunity of Nano-selenium-Fed Cirrhinus mrigala. PLoS ONE, 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0308761"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Myths and facts about the effects of nano-selenium in farm animals-mini-review","volume":"2","author":"Pelyhe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Chem. Bull."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2021.180901","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of nano-selenium on the recurrence of Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria in Cyprinus carpio","volume":"25","author":"Sherif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.01.033","article-title":"Interaction effects of dietary supplementation of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum and \u03b2-glucan on growth performance, digestibility, and immune response of juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major","volume":"45","author":"Dawood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"36","article-title":"Use of nanoparticles as feed additives to improve digestion and absorption in livestock","volume":"2","author":"Bunglavan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Livest Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2021.126758","article-title":"Toxicity and deleterious impacts of selenium nanoparticles at supranutritional and imbalance levels on male goldfish (Carassius auratus) sperm","volume":"66","author":"Seyedi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2024.361959","article-title":"Selenium Nanoparticles Enhance Growth, Health, and Gene Expression in the Nile Tilapia","volume":"28","author":"Husseiny","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2022.275456","article-title":"Growth Feed Efficiency Hemato-Biochemical Indices Flesh Quality of Adult Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Fed a Diet Supplemented with Nano-selenium","volume":"26","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-021-00930-0","article-title":"Increased dietary availability of selenium in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) improves its plasma antioxidant capacity and resistance to infection with Piscirickettsia salmonis","volume":"52","author":"Mejias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2009.06.026","article-title":"Effects of protein and lipid concentrations in broodstock diets on growth, spawning performance, and egg quality of yellowfin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus)","volume":"295","author":"Zakeri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Khalafalla, M.M.E., Eweedah, N.M., Salem, M.F.I., and Sallam, A.E. (2011). Effects of different levels of selenium supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, spawning performance, and reproduction of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Proceedings of the 4th Global Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Conference, The Egyptian International Center for Agriculture."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.736580","article-title":"Nano-selenium supplements in high-fat diets relieve hepatopancreas injury and improve survival of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella by reducing lipid deposition","volume":"538","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5596619","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5596619","article-title":"The Assessment of Different Dietary Selenium Resources on Reproductive Performance, Spawning Indicators, and Larval Production of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus \u00d7 O. niloticus) Broodfish","volume":"2023","author":"Naiel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aquac. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-015-1073-2","article-title":"Selenium Nanoparticles for Stress-Resilient Fish and Livestock","volume":"10","author":"Sarkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2009.10.003","article-title":"Effect of elemental nano-selenium on semen quality, glutathione peroxidase activity, and testis ultrastructure in male Boer goats","volume":"118","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.4025\/actascianimsci.v31i4.6300","article-title":"Sel\u00eanio org\u00e2nico na alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de matrizes de til\u00e1pia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"31","author":"Pereira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"28","article-title":"Selenium and reproductive function. A systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Mirone","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"113","article-title":"Effect of different levels of selenium nanoparticles on some reproductive indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"7","author":"Rastiannasab","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquat. Physiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Wu, W., Zhou, H., Liu, X., Li, S., Guo, Y., Li, Y., Wang, Y., and Yuan, J. (2022). Selenium Nanoparticles Improve Intestinal Health Through Modulation of the NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.907386"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.13332","article-title":"Effects of nano-Selenium supplementation in plant protein-rich diet on reproductive performance and egg and larval quality of female Arabian yellowfin sea bream (Acanthopagrus arabicus)","volume":"27","author":"Saffari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquac. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Au, A., Mojadadi, A., Shao, J., Ahmad, G., and Witting, P.K. (2023). Physiological Benefits of Novel Selenium Delivery via Nanoparticles. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076068"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2014.01.020","article-title":"Selenium and Mercury have a synergistic negative effect on fish reproduction","volume":"149","author":"Penglase","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-01857-6","article-title":"Synergistic Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles and Vitamin E on Growth, Immune-Related Gene Expression, and Regulation of Antioxidant Status of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"195","author":"Dawood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bazina, W.K., Tawfik, W.A., Abd Elghany, N.A., Saadony, S., Abdul Kari, Z., Alamoudi, M.O., Aly, M.Y., Younis, A.E., Mathew, R.T., and Eissa, M.E. (2025). Effects of nano-selenium and\/or vitamin E supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, histopathology, and resistance to Aspergillus flavus in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). BMC Vet. Res., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04471-y"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dawit Moges, F., Hamdi, H., Al-Barty, A., Zaid, A.A., Sundaray, M., Parashar, S.K.S., Gubale, A.G., and Das, B. (2022). Effects of selenium nanoparticles on the growth performance and nutritional quality in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268348"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5642","DOI":"10.1111\/are.15439","article-title":"Nanoselenium versus bulk selenium as a dietary supplement: Effects on growth, feed efficiency, intestinal histology, haemato-biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) fingerlings","volume":"52","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surai, P.F. (2018). Selenium in Poultry Nutrition and Health, Wageningen Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-865-0"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EN00240B","article-title":"Engineered nanoselenium-supplemented fish diet: Toxicity comparison with ionic selenium and stability against particle dissolution, aggregation, and release","volume":"7","author":"Monikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Nano"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4767","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-023-04031-1","article-title":"Selenium Nanoparticles Ameliorate Adverse Impacts of Aflatoxin in Nile Tilapia with Special Reference to Streptococcus agalactiae Infection","volume":"202","author":"Sherif","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Araujo, J.M., Fortes-Silva, R., Pola, C.C., Yamamoto, F.Y., Gatlin, D.M., and Gomes, C.L. (2021). Delivery of selenium using chitosan nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant and growth effects in Nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus). PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251786"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2019.02.070","article-title":"Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles mediated by fungus Mariannaea sp. HJ and their characterization","volume":"571","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-025-01576-x","article-title":"Effects of nano-selenium on the histopathological changes and gene expression of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen under heat stress","volume":"51","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z.M., Wang, X.L., Jin, X.M., Huang, J.Q., and Wang, L.S. (2023). The effect of selenium on the antioxidant system in aquaculture animals. Front. Physiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1153511"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711452000313X","article-title":"Effect of dietary selenium on postprandial protein deposition in the muscle of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"125","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brit. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, J., Li, B., Hong, Q., Yan, Z., Yang, X., Lu, K., Chen, G., Wang, L., and Chen, Y. (2022). A Glutathione Peroxidase Gene from Litopenaeus vannamei Is Involved in Oxidative Stress Responses and Pathogen Infection Resistance. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010567"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.21608\/ejabf.2024.345885","article-title":"Chitosan Nanoparticles as Nutritional Stimulus in the Early Feeding of the Nile Tilapia Fry (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"28","author":"Aboseif","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. Fish."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/8\/1142\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T12:39:42Z","timestamp":1775738382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/8\/1142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ani16081142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani16081142","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]}}}