{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:18:55Z","timestamp":1785403135549,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U2240214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2240214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["52279069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52279069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32202942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["U2240214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2240214"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52279069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52279069"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32202942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32202942"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012428","name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023TD09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TD09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2023TD09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TD09"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04hqqqx81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research Project of Scientific Research Plan of Hubei Provincial Department of Education","award":["D20232704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D20232704"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["YFI202412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YFI202412"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydraulic engineering structures can threaten freshwater fish by entraining them into hazardous areas. Acoustic barriers have been proposed as a non-physical method to guide fish away from these zones. In this study, we investigated the behavioral responses of juvenile grass carp to different acoustic stimuli under semi-natural conditions using outdoor net cages. Four sound types were tested: a 1000 Hz pure tone and three broadband sounds, including Alligator sinensis hissing, pile-driving noise, and outboard motor noise. Behavioral responses were quantified using response frequency, total midline crossings, first-response time, maximum swimming speed, and average swimming speed. The results showed that Alligator sinensis hissing elicited the highest number of midline crossings, representing the strongest behavioral response among all tested sounds. In addition, both Alligator sinensis hissing and outboard motor noise induced significantly stronger avoidance responses than the pure tone or pile-driving noise, as indicated by higher response frequency and faster swimming speeds. Furthermore, manipulation of pulse repetition intervals in the most effective deterrent sounds generated a novel broadband sound, which altered fish distribution patterns and elicited avoidance behavior. These findings indicate that both sound type and temporal structure influence negative phonotaxis behavior in grass carp and provide experimental evidence for the optimization of acoustic barriers in fish management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16091401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:15:02Z","timestamp":1777853702000},"page":"1401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Negative Phonotaxis Behavior of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) to Different Acoustic Stimuli in Natural Aquatic Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China"},{"name":"Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Wuhan 430233, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6463-2247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shenwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China"},{"name":"College of Hydraulic and Environment Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7910-7506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Gezhouba Group No. 3 Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi\u2019an 710077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China"},{"name":"College of Hydraulic and Environment Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixiong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing, Wuhan 430233, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09440","article-title":"Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity","volume":"467","author":"McIntyre","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"038002","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa60cb","article-title":"Reply to Comment on \u2018An index-based framework for assessing patterns and trends in river fragmentation and flow regulation by global dams at multiple scales\u2019","volume":"12","author":"Grill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. 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