{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:10:44Z","timestamp":1785409844049,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012138","name":"Beijing Forestry University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BLRC 2023C02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BLRC 2023C02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["BLRC 2023C02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BLRC 2023C02"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04xv2pc41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Financial Program of BJAST","award":["26CA002-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26CA002-02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31872964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31872964"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["31872964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31872964"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypoderma diana Brauer, 1858, poses a significant threat to species of deer, yet records of this species in China remain fragmented and lack comprehensive documentation. Following high mortality in wapiti populations in Inner Mongolia during 2023\u20132024, surveys were conducted in the Gaogesitai Hanwula Nature Reserve in March 2025. Species identity was established through rigorous morphological analysis of third-instar larvae and an emerged adult female using light and scanning electron microscopy, supplemented by a 689 bp COI fragment. Results confirmed H. diana as the causative agent, with larvae localized along the host\u2019s vertebral column. Comparative SEM analysis of the antennomaxillary sensory complex in H. diana, H. bovis (Linnaeus, 1758), and H. lineatum (Villers, 1789) revealed undifferentiated, volcano-like warts, contrasting sharply with the highly differentiated antennae and sensilla of Oestrus ovis Linnaeus, 1758. This study represents an inaugural record of H. diana in the Chifeng region and provides the first atlas of diagnostic features for both third-instar larvae and adults. These findings document H. diana as a critical agent of myiasis in the Manchurian wapiti, refining its known epidemiological profile in China and establishing an essential morphological reference for future wildlife health surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16101461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:50:52Z","timestamp":1778496652000},"page":"1461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hypodermosis by Hypoderma diana (Diptera: Hypodermatinae) in the Manchurian Wapiti (Cervus canadensis xanthopygus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3562-0252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingkun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinglin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Gaogesitai Hanwula National Nature Reserve Administration, Tianshan 025550, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Gaogesitai Hanwula National Nature Reserve Administration, Tianshan 025550, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinduleng","family":"Sai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inner Mongolia Gaogesitai Hanwula National Nature Reserve Administration, Tianshan 025550, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvanyvan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shumiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing 100076, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanda","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Zoo, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6609-0609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Pape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural History Museum of Denmark, Science Faculty, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6427-7867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Zumpt, F. 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