{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:46:07Z","timestamp":1785415567067,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences","award":["C25R0309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C25R0309"]}]},{"name":"Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences","award":["2026KJCXZX-LYS-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026KJCXZX-LYS-15"]}]},{"award":["C25R0309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C25R0309"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051p3cy55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2026KJCXZX-LYS-15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026KJCXZX-LYS-15"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/051p3cy55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-36"]}]},{"award":["CARS-36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-36"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zearalenone (ZEA) is a common contaminant in crops and animal feed. However, research on the effects of ZEA on animal mammary tissue is relatively limited. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally active compound mainly derived from cruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli), with significant antioxidant and cytoprotective effects. The purpose of this study is the effect of SFN on ZEA-induced toxicity in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T). By treating MAC-T cells with different concentrations of ZEA and SFN for 24 h, the results showed that different concentrations of ZEA (10, 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100 \u03bcM) could inhibit MAC-T cell viability. Treatment with SFN at concentrations of 1, 2.5, and 5 \u03bcM had no significant effect on cell viability. The results of combined treatment with 10 \u03bcM ZEA and 1, 2.5, or 5 \u03bcM SFN showed that SFN could significantly reverse the decrease in cell viability caused by ZEA; reduce the increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content induced by ZEA; and increase the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and mitochondrial membrane potential that were decreased by ZEA. SFN can significantly inhibit the upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1\u03b2) induced by ZEA exposure and markedly reverse the increase in cell apoptosis rate caused by ZEA. Compared with the control group, the expression of genes nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2013related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) was significantly reduced in the ZEA group, while the addition of SFN effectively increased the expression levels of these genes. Corresponding protein detection results were consistent with the trends in gene expression. This study demonstrated that SFN alleviates ZEA-induced damage to MAC-T cells by activating the Nrf2 pathway, providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent application of SFN in dairy farming to prevent and control breast health risks related to mycotoxins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16111602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T11:57:44Z","timestamp":1779710264000},"page":"1602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sulforaphane Alleviates Zearalenone-Induced Oxidative Stress in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yurong","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6575-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoqing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.114115","article-title":"Dual effects of zearalenone on aflatoxin B1-induced liver and mammary gland toxicity in pregnant and lactating rats","volume":"245","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. 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