{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:07:08Z","timestamp":1785424028801,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004508","name":"Prince of Songkla University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SCI6901189S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCI6901189S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004508","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["SCI6901189S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCI6901189S"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0575ycz84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016204","name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRB690047\/0230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRB690047\/0230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["FRB690047\/0230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRB690047\/0230"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/000025p04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science, Research and Innovation Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Yellow bells (Tecoma stans) is a popular ornamental flowering plant used in public spaces. Its flowers are considered a medicinal herb rich in bioactive compounds. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using dried yellow bells flower (YB) as a dietary supplement for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nile tilapia (0.74 \u00b1 0.01 g body weight) were divided into six groups for an eight-week feeding trial, during which their diets were supplemented with 5 different levels by weight of YB: 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%. The control group received a non-supplemented diet. Parameters related to growth, feed utilization, skin and fillet coloration, gut functionality, fillet quality, blood parameters, and whole-body composition were observed. Survival, feed utilization, and skin and fillet coloration were unaffected by YB supplementation, and growth performance was generally maintained up to 8% dietary inclusion. However, at 4 to 6% YB intestinal cellulase activity and gastrointestinal radical-scavenging activities were significantly increased, while amylase and protease activities, and the amylase\/trypsin ratio, were maintained. Fillet quality was improved at 4% YB, with higher myosin and total myofibrillar protein contents but without changes in RNA, total protein, or RNA\/protein ratio. At moderate YB inclusion levels, white blood cell counts were lower and packed cell volume and hemoglobin levels were higher, indicating improved physiological status. Whole-body crude protein and ash were increased at higher YB levels, whereas moisture and lipid were unchanged. Overall, dietary inclusion of around 4% YB was associated with favorable improvements in gut functionality, fillet quality, blood parameters, and whole-body composition in Nile tilapia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16111702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:14:57Z","timestamp":1780395297000},"page":"1702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Yellow Bells (Tecoma stans) Flower Enhances Gut Health, Fillet Quality, Hematological Indices, and Whole-Body Composition in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kanokwan","family":"Hyukhongkaeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Aquatic Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5290-2899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nutt","family":"Nuntapong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kidchakan Supamattaya Aquatic Animal Health Research Center, Aquatic Science and Innovative Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waraporn","family":"Hahor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Aquatic Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3534-831X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karun","family":"Thongprajukaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Aquatic Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpb.2023.100284","article-title":"Coding phenological growth stages of yellow bells (Tecoma stans (L.) 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