{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:36:23Z","timestamp":1785418583111,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["88887.672615\/2022-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.672615\/2022-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["88887.672615\/2022-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.672615\/2022-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul"},{"name":"the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel\u2014Brazil","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the widespread use of phytase in swine diets, there is a need to update the current evidence on its effects on performance, carcass traits, and economic outcomes. This meta-analysis evaluated the impact of phytase supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and economic returns in growing\u2013finishing pigs, combining meta-analysis with economic modeling. A systematic review (Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus) revealed 1049 studies, 17 of which met the inclusion criteria (PRISMA). Three treatments were considered: a basal diet (BD), a reduced-P diet without phytase (DRP), and a reduced-P diet with phytase (DRP + P), with effect sizes expressed as weighted mean differences (WMDs). The meta-analysis included performance traits (daily feed intake, DFI; daily weight gain, DWG; feed conversion, FC; and final weight, FW) and carcass traits (carcass weight, CW; carcass yield, CY; backfat thickness, BT; loin eye area, LEA; lean meat percentage, LMP; and lean meat yield, LMY). With respect to BD vs. DRP, P reduction impaired performance and decreased ADG, DFI, and final weight (p &lt; 0.001), especially at reductions \u22650.12%. In DRP + P vs. BD, phytase had no significant effects on performance (WMD = 0.008 kg\/day) or carcass traits. In DRP + P vs. DRP, phytase improved performance (ADG: +0.068 kg\/day; DFI: +0.106 kg\/day; FW: +4.630 kg; FC: \u22120.115; p &lt; 0.001), with stronger effects in males and at greater P reductions. In DRP + P vs. DB, carcass traits were not significantly affected, whereas DB vs. DRP reduced LEA (WMD = \u22121.820, p &lt; 0.00), and DRP + P vs. DRP produced subgroup-dependent changes in CW, LEA, and LMY according to sex, phytase source, and diet composition. Economically, phytase increased profit by up to US$ 2.66 (vs. BD) and US$ 5.14 (vs. DRP), remaining advantageous even with enzyme price increases of up to 4\u00d7. Overall, phytase supplementation improved performance and economic returns, representing an effective strategy for the development of swine production systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16111714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:46:48Z","timestamp":1780494408000},"page":"1714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytase in Pig Diets: Technical and Economic Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6579-1929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo de Souza","family":"Sanches","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9622-2844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4031-320X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Carneiro","family":"Brumatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0482-0666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina Marcia Ribeiro de Souza","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0126-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luan Souza dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3969-3065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson","family":"Corassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agrarian and Environmental Sciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop 78550-000, MT, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3739-2522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elis Regina de Moraes","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana 79200-000, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0239-1132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gislaine da Cunha","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8256-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovana Cristina","family":"Giannesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79074-460, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.43.89","article-title":"Influence of dietary phytate and exogenous phytase on amino acid digestibility in poultry: A review","volume":"43","author":"Selle","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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