{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:25:30Z","timestamp":1791260730150,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["302254\/2025-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302254\/2025-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["302254\/2025-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302254\/2025-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated whether the complexity and temporal dynamics of environmental enrichment during the nursery phase are associated with piglets\u2019 threat-related responses and affective state using a multimodal approach. We combined an Attentional Bias Test (ABT) with bioacoustic measures, Qualitative Behavior Assessment (QBA), and biomarkers (hair cortisol and serum BDNF). In a commercial nursery setting, 675 piglets were allocated to three treatments: UNI (single continuous item: chains), ALT (chains plus an additional object rotated weekly), and SIM (continuous simultaneous provision of multiple objects). A subsample of 32 piglets underwent the ABT (UNI, n = 10; ALT, n = 11; SIM, n = 11). Most ABT measures related to threat-directed attention and space use showed no detectable treatment differences under the present protocol, and feeding latency was affected by stimulus exposure but not by treatment. In contrast, treatments differed in coping-related responses: UNI showed a higher frequency of excretions, ALT showed a longer standing-inactive duration, and SIM showed more escape attempts. Vocalizations were restricted to harsh grunts, with ALT showing longer harsh-grunt duration and higher total vocal output. QBA and biomarkers further differentiated treatments: SIM showed calmer\/less tense expressive profiles, whereas UNI showed higher post-exposure hair cortisol and lower serum BDNF than the more complex conditions. Overall, enrichment-related differences were more consistently detected in coping-related behavior, QBA, and biomarkers than in ABT attentional measures, suggesting that enrichment implementation (stable vs. rotational) shapes partially dissociable behavioral and physiological adaptation profiles, and that both more complex strategies showed a more favorable biological profile than UNI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16111742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:10:42Z","timestamp":1780668642000},"page":"1742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Resilience Metrics in Pigs: How Novelty and Environmental Complexity Shape Affective State and Neurobiological Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1740-7198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Rocha","family":"Valfr\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Science (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79824-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1256-3559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica Lucilene Cantarini","family":"Buchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Science (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79824-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaqueline Murbach","family":"Braz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Science (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79824-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0499-8296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yann","family":"Malini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4981-5718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiny Santos","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Science (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79824-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6014-0492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateus de Andrade","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Science (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79824-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carla Moreira","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Science (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79824-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibiara Correia de Lima","family":"Almeida Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8079-2890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Fernanda de Castro","family":"Burbarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Science (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79824-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4978-9386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Gar\u00f3fallo","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Science (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79824-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5431-7199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Cristina","family":"Sant\u2019Anna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0126-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luan Sousa dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1852-4860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro Batista","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monohub\u2013Research Group for Monogastric Animals, Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR), Curitiba 80215-901, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7564-6127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana Ribeiro","family":"Caldara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural Science (FCA), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79824-900, MS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mellor, D. (2016). Updating Animal Welfare Thinking: Moving beyond the \u201cFive Freedoms\u201d towards \u201cA Life Worth Living\u201d. Animals, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani6030021"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20240382","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2024.0382","article-title":"A consensus on the definition of positive animal welfare","volume":"21","author":"Rault","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/20502877.2022.2077681","article-title":"The sentience shift in animal research","volume":"28","author":"Browning","year":"2022","journal-title":"New Bioeth."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.0303","article-title":"An Integrative and Functional Framework for the Study of Animal Emotion and Mood","volume":"277","author":"Mendl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-019-01287-w","article-title":"Effects of Early and Later Life Environmental Enrichment and Personality on Attention Bias in Pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus)","volume":"22","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Cogn."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, L., Reimert, I., Middelkoop, A., Kemp, B., and Bolhuis, J.E. (2020). Effects of Early and Current Environmental Enrichment on Behavior and Growth in Pigs. Front. Vet. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00268"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100889","article-title":"Review: Early Life Piglet Experiences and Impacts on Immediate and Longer-Term Adaptability","volume":"18","author":"Lucas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.09.010","article-title":"Vocal Correlates of Emotional Reactivity within and across Contexts in Domestic Pigs (Sus Scrofa)","volume":"181","author":"Leliveld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38514-w","article-title":"Positive and Negative Contexts Predict Duration of Pig Vocalisations","volume":"9","author":"Friel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5100612","article-title":"Expression of Emotional Valence in Pig Closed-Mouth Grunts: Involvement of Both Source- and Filter-Related Parameters","volume":"145","author":"Briefer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura, Pecu\u00e1ria e Abastecimento (MAPA) (2020). Instru\u00e7\u00e3o Normativa N\u00ba 113, de 16 de Dezembro de 2020."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(99)00212-7","article-title":"Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Behavioral Responses to Novelty, Learning, and Memory, and the Circadian Rhythm in Cortisol in Growing Pigs","volume":"68","author":"Dejong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado, S.P., Caldara, F.R., Foppa, L., De Moura, R., Gon\u00e7alves, L.M.P., Garcia, R.G., N\u00e4\u00e4s, I.D.A., Nieto, V.M.O.D.S., and De Oliveira, G.F. (2017). Behavior of Pigs Reared in Enriched Environment: Alternatives to Extend Pigs Attention. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168427"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gody\u0144, D., Nowicki, J., and Herbut, P. (2019). Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Pig Welfare\u2014A Review. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9060383"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.17.0138","article-title":"Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Behaviour, Physiology and Performance of Pigs\u2014A Review","volume":"32","author":"Mkwanazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2024.105612","article-title":"Application of an Attention Bias Test after Surgical Castration in Piglets","volume":"290","author":"Neary","year":"2024","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2012.00920.x","article-title":"Vocal Expression of Emotions in Mammals: Mechanisms of Production and Evidence","volume":"288","author":"Briefer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(99)00093-3","article-title":"The Spontaneous Qualitative Assessment of Behavioural Expressions in Pigs: First Explorations of a Novel Methodology for Integrative Animal Welfare Measurement","volume":"67","author":"Wemelsfelder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2012.04.004","article-title":"Qualitative Behavioural Assessment of Emotionality in Pigs","volume":"139","author":"Rutherford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czycholl, I., Skovlund, C.R., and Forkman, B. (2026). Literature Review of the Use of Qualitative Behaviour Assessment with a Fixed List of Terms. Front. Vet. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1588346"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4120","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1226","article-title":"Minireview: Hair Cortisol: A Novel Biomarker of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Activity","volume":"153","author":"Meyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2018.09.016","article-title":"The Use of Hair Cortisol for the Assessment of Stress in Animals","volume":"270","author":"Kanitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00139-5","article-title":"The Spectrum of Behaviors Influenced by Serotonin","volume":"44","author":"Lucki","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1970","article-title":"Enriched Environments, Experience-Dependent Plasticity and Disorders of the Nervous System","volume":"7","author":"Nithianantharajah","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20758","article-title":"The Role of BDNF and Its Receptors in Depression and Antidepressant Drug Action: Reactivation of Developmental Plasticity","volume":"70","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.09.013","article-title":"Serotonin in the Modulation of Neural Plasticity and Networks: Implications for Neurodevelopmental Disorders","volume":"76","author":"Lesch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2018.05.007","article-title":"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Serum as an Animal Welfare Indicator of Environmental Enrichment in Pigs","volume":"65","author":"Rault","year":"2018","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2020.103943","article-title":"Neurobiology of Environmental Enrichment in Pigs: Changes in Monoaminergic Neurotransmitters in Several Brain Areas and in the Hippocampal Proteome","volume":"229","author":"Arroyo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1127\/0941-2948\/2013\/0507","article-title":"K\u00f6ppen\u2019s Climate Classification Map for Brazil","volume":"22","author":"Alvares","year":"2013","journal-title":"Meteorol. Z."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"INMET (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia) (2026, April 21). Dados Meteorol\u00f3gicos\u2014Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Autom\u00e1tica de Campo Grande\u2014MS (A702), Available online: https:\/\/portal.inmet.gov.br\/dadoshistoricos."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2009.02.023","article-title":"Cognitive Bias as an Indicator of Animal Emotion and Welfare: Emerging Evidence and Underlying Mechanisms","volume":"118","author":"Mendl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(97)00142-1","article-title":"Sound Avoidance by Domestic Pigs Depends upon Characteristics of the Signal","volume":"58","author":"Talling","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2024.05.011","article-title":"Family Pigs\u2019 and Dogs\u2019 Reactions to Human Emotional Vocalizations: A Citizen Science Study","volume":"214","author":"Lehoczki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2019.03.011","article-title":"An Ethogram of Biter and Bitten Pigs during an Ear Biting Event: First Step in the Development of a Precision Livestock Farming Tool","volume":"215","author":"Diana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Illmann, G., Hammerschmidt, K., \u0160pinka, M., and Tallet, C. (2013). Calling by Domestic Piglets during Simulated Crushing and Isolation: A Signal of Need?. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083529"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2012.10.013","article-title":"Heat Stress Assessment by Swine Related Vocalizations","volume":"151","author":"Ferrari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2011.07.007","article-title":"Barking Pigs: Differences in Acoustic Morphology Predict Juvenile Responses to Alarm Calls","volume":"82","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicolaisen, T.J., Bollmann, K.E., Hennig-Pauka, I., and Fischer, S.C.L. (2025). Framework for Classification of Fattening Pig Vocalizations in a Conventional Farm with High Relevance for Practical Application. Animals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15172572"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2016.02.002","article-title":"Behavioural and Physiological Measures Indicate Subtle Variations in the Emotional Valence of Young Pigs","volume":"157","author":"Leliveld","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiechers, D.H., Brunner, S., Herbrandt, S., Kemper, N., and Fels, M. (2021). Analysis of Hair Cortisol as an Indicator of Chronic Stress in Pigs in Two Different Farrowing Systems. Front. Vet. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.605078"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731116002561","article-title":"Effect of Environmental Enrichment and Herbal Compound Supplementation on Physiological Stress Indicators (Chromogranin A, Cortisol and Tumour Necrosis Factor-\u03b1) in Growing Pigs","volume":"11","author":"Casal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2017.06.002","article-title":"Influence of Enrichment Material and Herbal Compounds in the Behaviour and Performance of Growing Pigs","volume":"195","author":"Manteca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.48165\/aru.2023.3.2.5","article-title":"Hair Cortisol: A Biomarker of Chronic Stress in Animals and Its Association with Reproduction","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3379","article-title":"Neurotrophin Regulation of Neural Circuit Development and Function","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Mir\u00f3, S., Tecles, F., Ram\u00f3n, M., Escribano, D., Hern\u00e1ndez, F., Madrid, J., Orengo, J., Mart\u00ednez-Subiela, S., Manteca, X., and Cer\u00f3n, J.J. (2016). Causes, Consequences and Biomarkers of Stress in Swine: An Update. BMC Vet. Res., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0791-8"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2012.02.018","article-title":"Environmental Enrichment Induces Optimistic Cognitive Biases in Pigs","volume":"139","author":"Douglas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, L., Zande, L.E.V.D., Marwijk, M.A.V., Knol, E.F., Rodenburg, T.B., Bolhuis, J.E., and Parois, S.P. (2022). Impact of Enrichment and Repeated Mixing on Resilience in Pigs. Front. Vet. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.829060"}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/11\/1742\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:30:15Z","timestamp":1780669815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/11\/1742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["ani16111742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani16111742","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]}}}