{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:59:33Z","timestamp":1785427173215,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32302754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302754"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32573197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32573197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32172717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172717"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32302754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302754"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32573197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32573197"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32172717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172717"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fatty liver disease represents a major metabolic disorder affecting domestic animals worldwide, with significant implications for animal health, welfare, and agricultural productivity. Disrupted communication between mitochondria and other organelles\u2014particularly the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, and lysosomes\u2014plays a critical role in disease pathogenesis. This review synthesizes knowledge on inter-organellar communication across domestic animals, with emphasis on species-specific adaptations. We address the \u201cDairy Cow Paradox\u201d\u2014periparturient dairy cows develop severe hepatic steatosis (&gt;30% liver fat), yet under sterile conditions, they have a higher threshold for progressing to sterile steatohepatitis compared to rodents and humans. However, it is critical to note that severe fatty liver in dairy cows is indeed associated with impaired autophagy, inflammation, and liver damage, particularly when accompanied by ketosis or concurrent infections, and 39% of transition cows exhibit moderate to severe lymphocytic hepatitis. We propose that the tolerance to severe steatosis in dairy cows arises from three adaptations: (1) attenuated innate immune sensing via the cGAS-STING pathway; (2) enhanced lipid buffering from perilipin 5 (PLIN5) with a hypothesized ruminant-specific Val152 substitution that may stabilize lipid droplet\u2013mitochondria contacts; and (3) dampened calcium signaling due to ER\u2013mitochondria membrane lipid raft rigidity, elevated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 2 (IP3R2) expression, and reduced mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) conductance. We contrast this with the inflammatory steatohepatitis common in rodent models driven by calcium overload and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, and glucocorticoid-mediated mitofusin 1 (MFN1) suppression, causing mitochondrial fragmentation in poultry. We identify critical knowledge gaps, including the need to define bovine and avian mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) proteomes and spatially resolve hepatic zonal communication patterns. Targeting organellar communication hubs with nutraceuticals or pharmacological agents offers promising therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16121800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:48:35Z","timestamp":1781138915000},"page":"1800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitochondrial Communication with Cellular Organelles in the Pathogenesis of Fatty Liver Disease in Domestic and Model Animals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tuoyu","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaal","family":"Omara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Shoaib","family":"Moawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7385-6291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneeqa","family":"Imtiaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wajeeha","family":"Tanveer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2967-8440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minmeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3249-5277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73446-3","article-title":"Invited review: Pathology, etiology, prevention, and treatment of fatty liver in dairy cows","volume":"87","author":"Bobe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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