{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T09:50:51Z","timestamp":1782899451801,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Task of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2024B02014-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024B02014-2"]}]},{"name":"Xinjiang Agricultural Research System","award":["XJARS-08-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJARS-08-10"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["2026SJXT04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026SJXT04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is highly susceptible to heat stress, limiting its sustainable aquaculture. While single-organ thermal responses are partially understood, the systemic, multi-organ cooperative survival mechanisms under acute heat stress remain poorly characterized. To elucidate the underlying tolerance mechanisms and provide genetic markers for breeding, this study investigated the multi-organ responses of European perch (n = 90; body length: 13.15 \u00b1 1.75 cm; body weight: 30.54 \u00b1 7.17 g) transferred from 24 \u00b0C to an acute heat stress challenge (31 \u00b0C) at an increasing rate of 2 \u00b0C\/h, and the histopathological changes (liver and gill), hepatic biochemical biomarkers (CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, GST, LDH, and MDA), and transcriptomic changes (liver and kidney) were evaluated over a 24 h period. Heat stress induced progressive structural damage, including gill lamellar edema and hepatocyte necrosis, accompanied by significant hepatic oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. RNA-seq transcriptome profiling uncovered distinct sets of genes with significant expression changes, comprising 1343 DEGs in liver tissue and 722 DEGs in kidney samples. Both organs shared a systemic endoplasmic reticulum stress response but exhibited highly divergent survival strategies. The liver underwent severe metabolic reprogramming towards anaerobic glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, coupled with vesicle-mediated membrane repair attempts and apoptosis. Conversely, the kidney adopted a strict \u201cenergy triage\u201d strategy, suppressing highly energy-consuming immune and osmoregulatory functions while actively silencing pro-apoptotic signals. These findings highlight organ-specific adaptations and identify potential metabolic markers for the future breeding of new heat-tolerant varieties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16132007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T08:19:02Z","timestamp":1782893942000},"page":"2007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Suggest Key Adaptive Mechanisms of European Perch (Perca fluviatilis) to Acute Heat Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3619-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China"},{"name":"Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangyuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Fishery Sciences, Urumqi 830099, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0766-1808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/jwas.12853","article-title":"Responses of Aquaculture Fish to Climate Change-Induced Extreme Temperatures: A Review","volume":"53","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. World Aquac. Soc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007676325825","article-title":"Temperature Tolerances of North American Freshwater Fishes Exposed to Dynamic Changes in Temperature","volume":"58","author":"Beitinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Biol. Fishes"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12427","article-title":"Climate Change Adaptation in Aquaculture","volume":"12","author":"Galappaththi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s11160-025-09924-z","article-title":"A Global Review of the Biology and Ecology of the European Perch, Perca fluviatilis","volume":"35","author":"Ning","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rev. Fish Biol. Fish."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fontaine, P., and Teletchea, F. (2019). Domestication of the Eurasian Perch (Perca fluviatilis). Animal Domestication, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.85132"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"980","article-title":"Genetic diversity analysis of four wild European perch (Perca fluviatilis) populations in Xinjiang based on mitochondrial sequences","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Fish. Sci. China"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"FAO (2026). FishStat Global Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics Database, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available online: https:\/\/www.fao.org\/fishery\/statistics\/en."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-019-00433-y","article-title":"Recent Progress in European Percid Fish Culture Production Technology\u2014Tackling Bottlenecks","volume":"27","author":"Policar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquacult. Int."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Kestemont, P., Dabrowski, K., and Summerfelt, R.C. (2015). Commercial Production: Factors for Success and Limitations in European Percid Fish Culture. Biology and Culture of Percid Fishes: Principles and Practices, Springer Netherlands."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W., Xing, G., Wang, Z., Liang, S., Lu, H., Tan, Y., Wei, J., and Nie, Z. (2025). Study on Morphology, Age and Growth of River Perca fluviatilis in Kalasuke Reservoir, Xinjiang, China. Animals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15172469"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"082503","article-title":"Sodium bicarbonate on growth performance, blood biochemical paramerers, and intestinal damage of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) under chronic heat stress","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Hydrobiol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"150","article-title":"Vertical Variation Pattern and Cause Analysis of Water Temperature in Fish Ponds on Sunny Days in Summer","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.110294","article-title":"Heat Stress Induces Oxidative Stress and Weakens the Immune System in Catfish Clarias magur: Evidence from Physiological, Histological, and Transcriptomic Analyses","volume":"161","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.742107","article-title":"High Temperature Changes the Structure and Function of Spotted Seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) Tissues and Causes ER Stress and Mitochondrial Homeostasis Imbalance in Liver","volume":"599","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"100891","article-title":"Transcriptome Sequencing Provides Insights into the Mechanism of Hypoxia Adaption in Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part D Genom. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H., Yang, R., Fu, Z., Yu, G., Li, M., Dai, S., Ma, Z., and Zong, H. (2023). Acute Thermal Stress Increased Enzyme Activity and Muscle Energy Distribution of Yellowfin Tuna. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289606"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-024-01416-4","article-title":"Chronic Heat Stress Is Capable of Reducing the Growth Performance, Causing Damage to the Liver Structure, and Altering the Liver Glucose Metabolism and Lipid Metabolism in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides L.)","volume":"51","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.037523","article-title":"Oxygen- and Capacity-Limitation of Thermal Tolerance: A Matrix for Integrating Climate-Related Stressor Effects in Marine Ecosystems","volume":"213","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-015-9640-1","article-title":"Impact of Thermal Stress on Kidney-Specific Gene Expression in Farmed Regional and Imported Rainbow Trout","volume":"17","author":"Verleih","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5438","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c00798","article-title":"Heat Stress-Induced Intestinal Barrier Impairment: Current Insights into the Aspects of Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress","volume":"71","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juan, C.A., P\u00e9rez de la Lastra, J.M., Plou, F.J., and P\u00e9rez-Lebe\u00f1a, E. (2021). The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Revisited: Outlining Their Role in Biological Macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094642"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0250-z","article-title":"Mechanisms, Regulation and Functions of the Unfolded Protein Response","volume":"21","author":"Hetz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, G., Liu, Y., Li, X., Gao, P., Hu, J., Sun, P., Peng, F., Chen, P., and Xu, J. (2025). Transcriptomic and Physiological Responses Reveal a Time-Associated Multi-Organ Injury Pattern in European Perch (Perca fluviatilis) Under Acute Alkaline Stress. Animals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15243621"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2017.03.041","article-title":"Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Hepatic Responses to Moderate Heat Stress in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"619","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Su, C., Liu, Q., Hao, X., Han, S., Doretto, L.B., Rosa, I.F., Yang, Y., Shao, C., and Wang, Q. (2024). Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Early Heat Stress Response in the Brain of Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Animals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14010084"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-022-10148-6","article-title":"Transcriptomic Analysis of the Liver and Brain in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Under Heat Stress","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-019-04008-z","article-title":"Effects of Water Temperature and Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) Abundance on the Stock\u2013Recruitment Relationship of Eurasian Perch (Perca fluviatilis) in the Northern Baltic Sea","volume":"841","author":"Kokkonen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11447","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11447","article-title":"Physiological Constraints to Climate Warming in Fish Follow Principles of Plastic Floors and Concrete Ceilings","volume":"7","author":"Sandblom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-016-1010-4","article-title":"Chronic Environmental Warming Alters Cardiovascular and Haematological Stress Responses in European Perch (Perca fluviatilis)","volume":"186","author":"Jutfelt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. B"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-021-01545-2","article-title":"Acute Temperature Changes Induce an Oxidative Stress Response in Kidney Cells of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus","volume":"87","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fish. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, C., Yang, S., Ka, W., Gao, P., Li, Y., Long, R., and Wang, J. (2022). Association of Gut Microbiota With Metabolism in Rainbow Trout Under Acute Heat Stress. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.846336"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(85)90442-7","article-title":"Measurement of Protein Using Bicinchoninic Acid","volume":"150","author":"Smith","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2","article-title":"Single-Step Method of RNA Isolation by Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate-Phenol-Chloroform Extraction","volume":"162","author":"Chomczynski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i884","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","article-title":"Fastp: An Ultra-Fast All-in-One FASTQ Preprocessor","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3317","article-title":"HISAT: A Fast Spliced Aligner with Low Memory Requirements","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhl, H., Euclide, P.T., Klopp, C., Cabau, C., Zahm, M., Lopez-Roques, C., Iampietro, C., Kuchly, C., Donnadieu, C., and Feron, R. (2024). Multi-Genome Comparisons Reveal Gain-and-Loss Evolution of Anti-Mullerian Hormone Receptor Type 2 as a Candidate Master Sex-Determining Gene in Percidae. BMC Biol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-024-01935-9"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, B., and Dewey, C.N. (2011). RSEM: Accurate Transcript Quantification from RNA-Seq Data with or without a Reference Genome. BMC Bioinform., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-323"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1226","article-title":"Mapping and Quantifying Mammalian Transcriptomes by RNA-Seq","volume":"5","author":"Mortazavi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated Estimation of Fold Change and Dispersion for RNA-Seq Data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","article-title":"KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Gene Ontology Consortium (2021). The Gene Ontology Resource: Enriching a GOld Mine. Nucleic Acids Res., 49, D325\u2013D334.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1113"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00050.2003","article-title":"The Multifunctional Fish Gill: Dominant Site of Gas Exchange, Osmoregulation, Acid-Base Regulation, and Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste","volume":"85","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1344","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00530.2010","article-title":"The Interactive Effects of Hypoxemia, Hyperoxia, and Temperature on the Gill Morphology of Goldfish (Carassius auratus)","volume":"300","author":"Tzaneva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.03.018","article-title":"The Functional Role of Higd1a in Mitochondrial Homeostasis and in Multiple Disease Processes","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.101796","article-title":"Mechanisms Tailoring the Expression of Heat Shock Proteins to Proteostasis Challenges","volume":"298","author":"Boopathy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nesci, S., and Rubattu, S. (2024). UCP2, a Member of the Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins: An Overview from Physiological to Pathological Roles. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12061307"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, K., Zhang, R., Luo, L., Wang, S., Xu, W., and Zhao, Z. (2023). Effects of Thermal Stress on the Antioxidant Capacity, Blood Biochemistry, Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolomic Responses of Luciobarbus Capito. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12010198"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.5.19.3266","article-title":"ASPP2: A Gene That Controls Life and Death in Vivo","volume":"5","author":"Vives","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3231","article-title":"AMPK and PFKFB3 Mediate Glycolysis and Survival in Response to Mitophagy during Mitotic Arrest","volume":"17","author":"Maestre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.1.466","article-title":"CHAC1\/MGC4504 Is a Novel Proapoptotic Component of the Unfolded Protein Response, Downstream of the ATF4-ATF3-CHOP Cascade","volume":"182","author":"Mungrue","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00009-X","article-title":"Identification of DIABLO, a Mammalian Protein That Promotes Apoptosis by Binding to and Antagonizing IAP Proteins","volume":"102","author":"Verhagen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123209","article-title":"The Small G Proteins of the Arf Family and Their Regulators","volume":"23","author":"Gillingham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.02.003","article-title":"The G0\/G1 Switch Gene 2 Regulates Adipose Lipolysis through Association with Adipose Triglyceride Lipase","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2012.11.019","article-title":"Glutathione Transferases, Regulators of Cellular Metabolism and Physiology","volume":"1830","author":"Board","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA-Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.06.025","article-title":"The Teleost Head Kidney: Integrating Thyroid and Immune Signalling","volume":"66","author":"Geven","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e27","article-title":"Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"18","author":"Roh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2125","article-title":"Matrix Metalloproteinases and the Regulation of Tissue Remodelling","volume":"8","author":"Ewald","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0019","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Basis of Deiodinase-Regulated Thyroid Hormone Signaling","volume":"29","author":"Gereben","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/ict028","article-title":"Energy-Limited Tolerance to Stress as a Conceptual Framework to Integrate the Effects of Multiple Stressors","volume":"53","author":"Sokolova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Integr. Comp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balasch, J.C., and Tort, L. (2019). Netting the Stress Responses in Fish. Front. Endocrinol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00062"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2011.07.002","article-title":"Stress and Immune Modulation in Fish","volume":"35","author":"Tort","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1080\/19768354.2025.2451413","article-title":"Adaptation responses to salt stress in the gut of Poecilia reticulata","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim. Cells Syst."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"(2026, June 22). Frontiers|NOD-like Receptors in Fish: Evolution, Structure, Immune Signaling, and Targeting for Aquaculture Vaccine Adjuvants. Available online: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/immunology\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1665071\/full."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12730","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12730","article-title":"A Portrait of the Immune Response to Proliferative Kidney Disease (PKD) in Rainbow Trout","volume":"42","author":"Bailey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/13\/2007\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T09:32:33Z","timestamp":1782898353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/13\/2007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ani16132007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani16132007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}}}