{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:41:10Z","timestamp":1787636470283,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal\u2014FAPDF","award":["0193.001203\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0193.001203\/2016"]}]},{"award":["0193.001203\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0193.001203\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c807f09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDS-10711-2024-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDS-10711-2024-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312393\/2025-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312393\/2025-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PDS-10711-2024-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDS-10711-2024-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["312393\/2025-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312393\/2025-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prolificacy and coat color are key economic traits influencing sheep production. This study evaluated a reduced panel of 48 SNPs previously associated with these traits and assessed its applicability to locally adapted Brazilian sheep breeds. A total of 1152 samples from 15 breeds, conserved in situ at conservation nuclei and ex situ in the Brazilian Animal Germplasm Bank, were genotyped. Allelic, genotypic, and haplotypic frequencies were estimated to compare genetic variability between in situ and ex situ populations. Additionally, linkage disequilibrium (LD) among SNPs within GDF9, a key gene associated with prolificacy, was evaluated across local breeds, revealing strong LD among specific markers. The results highlight the importance of the FecGE (GDF9) variant for prolificacy in hair sheep, confirming the presence of mutant allele E in prolific breeds, such as Santa In\u00eas and Morada Nova, and identifying, for the first time, a high frequency of such allele in the Brazilian Blackbelly, which provides new insights into the genetic basis of this prolific hair breed. Other prolificacy-related genes, BMP15 and BMPR1B, appear to have no functional role in locally adapted breeds, as initially hypothesized, considering genetic differences among European and tropical sheep. Allelic and genotypic variation in ASIP, MC1R, TYRP1, and MITF genes reflected differences between wool and hair sheep and between local and commercial breeds. Overall, the results indicate that the germplasm bank effectively preserves in situ diversity. In conclusion, the reduced SNP panel efficiently genotyped Brazilian sheep for prolificacy and coat color SNPs, confirming which markers are present and segregating in these breeds. However, its utility could be improved by removing markers of limited relevance in the targeted breeds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16132008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T08:19:02Z","timestamp":1782893942000},"page":"2008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of a Reduced SNP Panel Targeting Prolificacy and Coat Color Genes in Brazilian Sheep Breeds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9165-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Souza","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Central Institute of Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, DF, Brazil"},{"name":"Embrapa Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos e Biotecnologia, Bras\u00edlia 70770-917, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9154-5959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle Assis de","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Central Institute of Sciences, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, DF, Brazil"},{"name":"Embrapa Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos e Biotecnologia, Bras\u00edlia 70770-917, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0187-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hymerson Costa","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju 49025-040, SE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5056-6828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kleibe de Moraes","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral 62010-970, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8313-9830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivardo","family":"Fac\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Caprinos e Ovinos, Sobral 62010-970, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4812-5825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Aparecida","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Pecu\u00e1ria Sudeste, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5858-7065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramayana Menezes","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Roraima, Boa Vista 69301-970, RR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3419-7337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Rodrigues","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos e Biotecnologia, Bras\u00edlia 70770-917, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1230-9000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos Ferrugem","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Pecu\u00e1ria Sul, Bag\u00e9 96401-970, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3886-2020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Jos\u00e9 Hoff de","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Pecu\u00e1ria Sul, Bag\u00e9 96401-970, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6687-2491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Rezende","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos e Biotecnologia, Bras\u00edlia 70770-917, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1106-8962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concepta","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/77033","article-title":"Mutations in an oocyte-derived growth factor gene (BMP15) cause increased ovulation rate and infertility in a dosage-sensitive manner","volume":"25","author":"Galloway","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.023093","article-title":"Mutations in the Genes for Oocyte-Derived Growth Factors GDF9 and BMP15 are associated with both increased ovulation rate and sterility in Cambridge and Belclare sheep (Ovis aries)","volume":"70","author":"Hanrahan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5104","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.091577598","article-title":"Mutation in bone morphogenetic protein receptor-IB is associated with increased ovulation rate in Booroola M\u00e9rino ewes","volume":"98","author":"Mulsant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tong, B., Wang, J., Cheng, Z., Liu, J., Wu, Y., Li, Y., Bai, C., Zhao, S., Yu, H., and Li, G. (2020). Novel variants in GDF9 gene affect promoter activity and litter size in Mongolia sheep. Genes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11040375"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00067.x","article-title":"The color loci of mice: A genetic century","volume":"16","author":"Bennett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Searle, A.G. (1968). Comparative Genetics of Coat Colour in Mammals, Logos Press."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s003359900939","article-title":"Molecular and pharmacological characterization of dominant black coat color in sheep","volume":"10","author":"Klungland","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mamm. Genome"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2013.83","article-title":"A genome-wide scan study identifies a single nucleotide substitution in ASIP associated with white versus non-white coat-colour variation in sheep (Ovis aries)","volume":"112","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70039","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.70039","article-title":"Identifying key genetic factors influencing reproductive performance in dairy and meat sheep breeds of the Mediterranean region","volume":"60","author":"Mura","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-67-51-2024","article-title":"Polymorphisms of the BMPR1B, BMP15 and GDF9 fecundity genes in four Chinese sheep breeds","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Breed."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Q., Chen, J., Nie, S., Liu, C., Deng, H., and He, G. (2025). Fine-scale biogeographical ancestry inference in Southeast and East Asians via high-efficiency markers and machine learning approaches. Front. Ecol. Evol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2025.1572596"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.7831\/ras.10.0_82","article-title":"The Reproductive Traits of Sheep and Their Influencing Factors","volume":"10","author":"Ajafar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2010.02078.x","article-title":"A new polymorphism in the Growth and Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) gene is associated with increased ovulation rate and prolificacy in homozygous sheep","volume":"42","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Genet."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2016.04.009","article-title":"Single marker assisted selection in Brazilian Morada Nova hair sheep community-based breeding program","volume":"139","author":"Lacerda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4162-9339","article-title":"Survey of mutations in prolificacy genes in Santa In\u00eas and Morada Nova sheep","volume":"69","author":"Holanda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2025.107499","article-title":"Genetics underlying phenotypic diversity in South African sheep breeds","volume":"247","author":"Visser","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esw037","article-title":"Epistatic interaction of the melanocortin 1 receptor and agouti signaling protein genes modulates wool color in the Brazilian Creole sheep","volume":"107","author":"Hepp","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hered."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1590\/s0100-204x2017000800007","article-title":"Genetic characterization of coat color genes in Brazilian Crioula sheep from a conservation nucleus","volume":"52","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.46265\/genresj.HFHG6814","article-title":"Conservation status of Creole sheep flocks in Brazil","volume":"3","author":"Moreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genet. Resour."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Moraes, J.C.F., and Hoff de Souza, C.J. (2011). Descri\u00e7\u00e3o da cor da pelagem em um rebanho de ovelhas Crioulas. Documentos Embrapa Pecu\u00e1ria Sul, n. 114, Embrapa Pecu\u00e1ria Sul."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9663-6","article-title":"Skin and coat traits in sheep in Brazil and their relation with heat tolerance","volume":"43","author":"McManus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-020-02014-8","article-title":"Coat color and morphological hair traits influence on the mechanisms related to heat tolerance in hair sheep","volume":"64","author":"Leite","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982010001300026","article-title":"Genetics and breeding of sheep in Brazil","volume":"39","author":"McManus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Zootec."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts460","article-title":"GenAlEx 6.5: Genetic analysis in Excel","volume":"28","author":"Peakall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x","article-title":"Arlequin suite ver 3.5: A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows","volume":"10","author":"Excoffier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290272","article-title":"SHEsis, a powerful software platform for analyses of linkage disequilibrium, haplotype construction, and genetic association at polymorphism loci","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2009.33","article-title":"A partition-ligation-combination-subdivision EM algorithm for haplotype inference with multiallelic markers: Update of the SHEsis","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth457","article-title":"Haploview: Analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps","volume":"21","author":"Barrett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/14786440009463897","article-title":"On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling","volume":"50","author":"Pearson","year":"1900","journal-title":"Philos. Mag."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"R Core Team (2025). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available online: https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5269","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.10.5269","article-title":"Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases","volume":"76","author":"Nei","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, C.S., de Faria, D.A., Lacerda, T.S., Paiva, S.R., Caetano, A.R., Blackburn, H., and McManus, C. (2022). Lentivirus susceptibility in Brazilian and US sheep with TMEM154 mutations. Genes, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14010070"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/age.13355","article-title":"Landmarks in the history of selective sweeps","volume":"54","author":"Panigrahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Genet."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-023-03822-x","article-title":"Assessment of FecGE genotypes on reproductive traits in Brazilian Morada Nova and Santa In\u00eas sheep","volume":"55","author":"Pereira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02755-7","article-title":"Influence of FecG\u1d31 mutation on the reproductive variables of Pelibuey ewes in the anestrus period","volume":"53","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Braga, R.M., and Mendon\u00e7a, C.E.D.A. (2018). Considera\u00e7\u00f5es Sobre os Ovinos da Ra\u00e7a Brazilian Blackbelly: Aspectos Hist\u00f3ricos e A\u00e7\u00f5es de Pesquisa na Embrapa Roraima, Embrapa Roraima. Available online: http:\/\/www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br\/infoteca\/handle\/doc\/1100839."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/age.13093","article-title":"Origin and population structure of Brazilian hair sheep breeds","volume":"52","author":"Paim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Genet."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2025.107645","article-title":"Adaptability of Barbados Blackbelly Rams Towards Elevated Temperature\u2013Humidity Index Assessed Through Reproductive Physiology and Behaviour","volume":"253","author":"Roslan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2005.06.001","article-title":"Investigation of the Booroola (FecB) and Inverdale (FecXI) mutations in 21 prolific breeds and strains of sheep sampled in 13 countries","volume":"92","author":"Davis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"123","article-title":"Analysis of the 3\u2032 end regions of the GDF9 and BMPR1B genes in Blackbelly sheep from Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico","volume":"41","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cienc. E Investig. Agrar."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2019.02.003","article-title":"Evaluation of genotype on fatty acid profile and sensory of meat of indigenous Pantaneiro sheep and Texel or Santa In\u00eas crossbred finished on feedlot","volume":"173","author":"Martins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Wang, H., Li, T., Zhang, N., Chen, J., Yang, H., Peng, S., Ma, R., Wang, D., and Liu, Q. (2025). Association of BMP15 and GDF9 Gene Polymorphisms with Litter Size in Hu Sheep. Genes, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16020168"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-007-9097-z","article-title":"Pigmentation in black-boned sheep (Ovis aries): Association with polymorphism of the Tyrosinase gene","volume":"35","author":"Deng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03564-x","article-title":"Chromosome-level genome assembly of Guide Black-Fur sheep (Ovis aries)","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.072090.107","article-title":"A gene duplication affecting expression of the ovine ASIP gene is responsible for white and black sheep","volume":"18","author":"Norris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731110001382","article-title":"Coat colours in the Massese sheep breed are associated with mutations in the agouti signalling protein (ASIP) and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) genes","volume":"5","author":"Fontanesi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12837","article-title":"Mutations in ASIP and MC1R: Dominant black and recessive black alleles segregate in native Swedish sheep populations","volume":"50","author":"Rochus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Genet."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2025.107517","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in Agouti signaling protein (ASIP) and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) genes and their association with coat color in native Bulgarian sheep breeds","volume":"249","author":"Dimov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.4238\/2012.May.22.5","article-title":"Identification of the e allele at the Extension locus (MC1R) in Brazilian Creole sheep and its role in wool color variation","volume":"11","author":"Hepp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7213\/1981-4178.2018.16014","article-title":"Variabilidade gen\u00e9tica na cor da pelagem em polimorfismos do gene MC1R em ovinos da ra\u00e7a Santa In\u00eas","volume":"16","author":"Jardim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Acad. Ci\u00eanc. Anim."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-0749.2003.00090.x","article-title":"Mapping and characterization of the dominant black colour locus in sheep","volume":"16","author":"Fleet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2008.01712.x","article-title":"Differences in the expression of the ASIP gene are involved in the recessive black coat colour pattern in sheep: Evidence from the rare Xalda sheep breed","volume":"39","author":"Royo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Genet."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.106.057141","article-title":"Development of a linkage map and mapping of phenotypic polymorphisms in a free-living population of Soay sheep (Ovis aries)","volume":"173","author":"Beraldi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"14136","article-title":"Allelic and genotypic frequencies of ASIP and MC1R genes in four West African sheep populations","volume":"11","author":"Royo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2016.06.006","article-title":"Application of genomic data to assist a community-based breeding program: A preliminary study of coat color genetics in Morada Nova sheep","volume":"190","author":"Muniz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1017\/S2078633616000023","article-title":"The impact of racial pattern on the genetic improvement of Morada Nova sheep","volume":"58","author":"Shiotisuki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Genet. Resour."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14772-4","article-title":"A comparison of transcriptomic patterns measured in the skin of Chinese fine and coarse wool sheep breeds","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2019.1675683","article-title":"MiR-27a regulates WNT3A and KITLG expression in Cashmere goats with different coat colors","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, R., Li, S., Liu, P., Zhang, S., Wu, Z., and Wu, T. (2022). Identification of key genes and signaling pathways related to Hetian sheep wool density by RNA-seq technology. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265989"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2023.147826","article-title":"Genetic insights into fiber quality, coat color and adaptation in Changthangi and Muzzafarnagri sheep: A comparative skin transcriptome analysis","volume":"891","author":"Vasu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, W., Li, X., Zhang, X., Zhu, L., Peng, Y., Zhang, C., Han, Z., Yang, R., Bai, X., and Wang, Q. (2025). Genome-based analysis of the genetic pattern of black sheep in Qira sheep. BMC Genom., 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-025-11233-5"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2025.106380","article-title":"Genome-based analysis for the identification of candidate genes associated with skin-photosensitization tolerance in sheep","volume":"313","author":"Jemaa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4067\/S0301-732X2015000100006","article-title":"Efecto del color de la capa externa en la edad al primer parto, prolificidad e intervalo entre partos en un reba\u00f1o de ovejas de pelo en Campeche, M\u00e9xico","volume":"47","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Vet."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"24","article-title":"Reproductive traits among Black, White and Brown West African hair sheep of Nigeria","volume":"27","author":"Fadare","year":"2015","journal-title":"Livest. Res. Rural Dev."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2008.01800.x","article-title":"Assessing SNP markers for assigning individuals to cattle populations","volume":"40","author":"Negrini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Genet."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skad084","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad084","article-title":"Convergent changes in melanocortin receptor 1 gene are associated with black-headed coat color in sheep","volume":"101","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skad083","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad291","article-title":"Whole-genome resequencing reveals the genomic diversity and signatures of selection in Romanov sheep","volume":"101","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.169r001","article-title":"The Booroola (FecB) phenotype is associated with a mutation in the bone morphogenetic receptor type 1B (BMPR1B) gene","volume":"169","author":"Souza","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4071","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-010-0526-z","article-title":"Polymorphisms of the coding region of the BMPR-IB gene and their relationship with litter size in sheep","volume":"38","author":"Chu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International Sheep Genomics Consortium, Archibald, A.L., Cockett, N.E., Dalrymple, B.P., Faraut, T., Kijas, J.W., Maddox, J.F., McEwan, J.C., Oddy, V.H., and Raadsma, H.W. (2010). The sheep genome reference sequence: A work in progress. Anim. Genet., 41, 449\u2013453.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2010.02100.x"},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"Castro, E.A., Lopez, I.M.R., Lim, A., Franco, M.M., Paiva, S.R., Souza, C.J.H., Rumpf, R., and Melo, E.O. (2006, January 13\u201318). Characterization of a new SNP in the growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) gene, specific for the Brazilian Santa In\u00eas sheep. Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production, Belo Horizonte, Brazil."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12190","article-title":"Mutation in the protease cleavage site of GDF9 increases ovulation rate and litter size in heterozygous ewes and causes infertility in homozygous ewes","volume":"45","author":"Souza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Genet."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2006.3762","article-title":"Compelling evidence that a single nucleotide substitution in TYRP1 is responsible for coat-colour polymorphism in a free-living population of Soay sheep","volume":"274","author":"Gratten","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/13\/2008\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T09:33:21Z","timestamp":1782898401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/13\/2008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ani16132008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani16132008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}}}