{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T14:06:17Z","timestamp":1791986777743,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005668","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c807f09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sanitizing hatching eggs has become increasingly recommended as a strategy to reduce infections, limit the spread of bacteria, and promote healthier conditions for developing embryos. The absence of this procedure can contribute to lower hatchability rates in commercial hatcheries. Therefore, investigating different sanitizers applied to hatching eggs is essential. This review synthesized evidence from Google Scholar up to June 2026, examining the effects of ultraviolet light (UV), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peracetic acid (PAA), and ozone (O3) on eggshell bacterial load, eggshell structural integrity, and hatchability. The findings reveal that these sanitizers have the potential to reduce eggshell bacterial load without apparently causing significant structural alterations or compromising hatchability. However, it also became clear that outcomes depend strongly on the protocol configuration, as adverse effects may occur under different conditions, such as concentration, exposure time, or application method. Overall, UV, H2O2, PAA, and O3 can be used to sanitize hatching eggs, if protocols prioritize microbiological safety without impairing embryonic performance, thereby avoiding negative impacts on hatchability rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16132108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:19:31Z","timestamp":1783430371000},"page":"2108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ultraviolet Light, Hydrogen Peroxide, Peracetic Acid, and Ozone as Sanitizers for Hatching Eggs: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2948-6652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel da Silva","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor Rafael Ribeiro","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Poultry Science, Federal Institute of Bras\u00edlia\u2014Campus Planaltina, Bras\u00edlia 73380-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepta","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 13416-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1249-0230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vin\u00edcius Machado","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Poultry Science, Federal Institute of Bras\u00edlia\u2014Campus Planaltina, Bras\u00edlia 73380-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dutra, D.R., Carneiro, N.M.G.M., Villegas-Cayllahua, E.A., Fidelis, H.D.A., Cavalcanti, \u00c9.N.F., Rodrigues, R.A., Bornatte, N.S., Belo, M.A.D.A., and Borba, H. 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