{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:56:47Z","timestamp":1792180607135,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) is among the most common orthopedic conditions in dogs, and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) is the current standard of care; however, long-term radiographic data on tibial plateau angle (TPA) stability specific to small-breed dogs (&lt;10 kg) remain limited. This retrospective study evaluated radiographic correction and long-term stability of TPA following TPLO in small-breed dogs and assessed whether observed TPA changes fell within the range of measurement error. Thirty stifles from 25 small-breed dogs (body weight 2.56\u20139.46 kg) that underwent TPLO between 2022 and 2025 were reviewed, with a mean follow-up of 12.6 \u00b1 6.8 months. TPA was measured preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, at 1\u20132 months, and at \u22656 months using digital orthopedic planning software. Preoperative TPA averaged 31.23 \u00b1 4.60\u00b0 and decreased to 4.68 \u00b1 1.84\u00b0 immediately after surgery; at \u22656 months, mean TPA was 5.19 \u00b1 1.83\u00b0. The mean change (\u0394TPA) was 0.52 \u00b1 0.64\u00b0 (95% CI: 0.28\u20130.75\u00b0). Although statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001), this fell below the 1.5\u00b0 intraobserver measurement error previously reported. Body weight showed no correlation with \u0394TPA (r = \u22120.059, p = 0.756). These findings were robust in a sensitivity analysis restricted to one stifle per dog (n = 25; mean \u0394TPA 0.56 \u00b1 0.67\u00b0) and in the subgroup without concurrent medial patellar luxation (n = 19; mean \u0394TPA 0.40 \u00b1 0.49\u00b0), both remaining within the reported measurement error. TPLO achieved effective and radiographically stable TPA correction in small-breed dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16142112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T15:40:09Z","timestamp":1783525209000},"page":"2112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-Term Radiographic Stability of Tibial Plateau Angle Following TPLO in Small-Breed Dogs: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0575-989X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dahyun","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"FM Animal Hospital, Gimpo-si 10080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joowon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"FM Animal Hospital, Gimpo-si 10080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6237-9958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hwi-Yool","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1984.tb00801.x","article-title":"Clinical results following nonoperative management for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs","volume":"13","author":"Vasseur","year":"1984","journal-title":"Vet. 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