{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T05:04:03Z","timestamp":1784005443145,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IZS PLV 08\/22 Ricerca Corrente"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IZS PLV 08\/22 Ricerca Corrente"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IZS PLV 09\/23 RC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IZS PLV 09\/23 RC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Ricerca Finalizzata GR-2021-12374932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Finalizzata GR-2021-12374932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen in Europe, where most autochthonous infections are caused by genotype 3 (HEV-3) and are due to ingestion of raw or undercooked pork meat products. Pigs and wild boars are recognized as the main reservoirs of infection. In this study, we investigated the epidemiology of HEV in wild boars from the Liguria and Piedmont regions (northwestern Italy) by screening, molecularly, a total of 98 liver samples from Liguria (n = 66, collected during the 2023\u20132024 hunting seasons) and Piedmont (n = 32, collected during 2022\u20132025) regions. HEV RNA was detected in 11 out of 98 liver samples, with an overall prevalence of 11.2%, a finding consistent with a significant viral circulation within the investigated animal population. Molecular characterization of the partial capsid coding gene was successfully achieved for eight strains revealing genetic heterogeneity and a diverse spatial distribution of the viral strains identified, with subtype 3a detected in Liguria and subtypes 3c and 3f identified in Piedmont.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16142159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T07:28:27Z","timestamp":1783927707000},"page":"2159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic Heterogeneity of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Wild Boars in Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2294-1624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Sarchese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Teramo, Localit\u00e0 Piano D\u2019Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7190-3835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Di Profio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Teramo, Localit\u00e0 Piano D\u2019Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6982-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Carnevale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Teramo, Localit\u00e0 Piano D\u2019Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1470-3941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Battistini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of S.S. Levante Ligure, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d\u2019Aosta, Via Degli Stagnoni 96, 19100 La Spezia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1478-8436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Moroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d\u2019Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3018-8086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Guardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of S.S. Levante Ligure, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d\u2019Aosta, Via Degli Stagnoni 96, 19100 La Spezia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6667-3425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Robetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Malattie Degli Animali Selvatici (CeRMAS), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Della Liguria e Della Valle d\u2019Aosta, 11020 Quart, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9027-1642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Orusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Malattie Degli Animali Selvatici (CeRMAS), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Della Liguria e Della Valle d\u2019Aosta, 11020 Quart, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9552-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Marsilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Teramo, Localit\u00e0 Piano D\u2019Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5740-6947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito","family":"Martella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Aldo Moro di Bari, S.p. per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6192-7166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Degli Studi di Teramo, Localit\u00e0 Piano D\u2019Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17086","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.86","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"3","author":"Kamar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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