{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T09:05:02Z","timestamp":1784019902285,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) are prevalent in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS). We hypothesized that CKCS with clinical signs compatible with CM+\/-SM exhibit sleep disturbances. Thirty-seven CKCS with and without clinical signs compatible with CM+\/-SM were included. No magnetic resonance imaging was required for inclusion. A questionnaire-based study was conducted using two validated instruments: CHASE to assess CM+\/-SM severity and SNoRE 3.0 to evaluate sleep disturbances. Dogs with CHASE scores \u22657 were classified as having clinical signs. Nineteen dogs with clinical signs (median: 5 years, range: 3\u201310 years) and 18 without clinical signs (mean: 4.1 years, SD: 2.6) were included, with median CHASE scores of 13 (range: 7\u201318) and 1 (range: 0\u20136), respectively. Dogs with clinical signs had higher median SNoRE scores (median: 10, range: 6\u201330) than dogs without clinical signs (median: 7, range: 6\u201315). Sleep quality (padj = 0.008) and sleep interruptions due to dreaming (padj = 0.003) were significantly different between groups, with clinically affected dogs showing higher scores and greater variability. CKCS with clinical signs compatible with CM+\/-SM show evidence of sleep disturbances, warranting confirmation with polysomnography and consideration in therapeutic management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16142184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T08:04:31Z","timestamp":1784016271000},"page":"2184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Owner Observed Sleep Disturbances in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with and Without Clinical Signs Compatible with a Chiari-like Malformation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4721-554X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Valentino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha J.","family":"Olby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA"},{"name":"Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2008.01487.x","article-title":"Morphology of the Caudal Fossa in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels","volume":"50","author":"Olby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. 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