{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:47:12Z","timestamp":1785415632583,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32072759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072759"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we investigated the protective effects of CPP-C3M4 against Salmonella-induced hepatic injury in lambs. Thirty 72-day-old Hu sheep were randomly divided into five groups: the control group (CON), the Salmonella-infected group (ST), and three CPP-C3M4 pretreatment groups at low, medium and high doses (CPP-C3M4-L, CPP-C3M4-M, and CPP-C3M4-H). The results showed that administration of CPP-C3M4 via duodenal fistula significantly alleviated liver enlargement and histopathological damage caused by Salmonella infection. CPP-C3M4 improved liver function by reducing alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and triglyceride (TG) levels. It enhanced the liver antioxidant capacity by increasing glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. It also alleviated inflammatory responses by downregulating the mRNA expression of interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Transcriptomic Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis further confirmed that CPP-C3M4 exerts its protective effects by suppressing multiple inflammatory pathways, with the interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling axis being a key target of regulation. These results indicate that CPP-C3M4 is a promising alternative antimicrobial substance for preventing and alleviating Salmonella-induced liver injury in lambs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16152290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T15:05:42Z","timestamp":1784819142000},"page":"2290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial Peptide CPP-C3M4 Attenuates Salmonella-Induced Liver Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Lambs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8872-8263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyuan","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanxin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanxin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"},{"name":"Daqing Agricultural and Rural Social Service Center, Daqing 163000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"},{"name":"Longjiang Wagyu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qiqihar 161100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"},{"name":"Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Wangkui County, Suihua 152100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6479-0947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aizhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Feed Resource Efficient Utilization and Nutrition Manipulation in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Chowdhury, R., Das, S., Ta, A., and Das, S. 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