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Twelve female goats were allocated to two groups, a group grazing on a natural pasture (GP) and a group grazing on the same pasture with a diet enriched with corn and peas (GC), both grain supplements at 100 g\/day. Fecal samples were collected, freeze-dried and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4\u2013V5 region, followed by bioinformatic and statistical analyses. Alpha diversity metrics indicated a significant reduction in microbial richness and phylogenetic diversity in the GC group, and beta diversity analysis revealed distinct community clustering. Taxonomic profiling showed Firmicutes and Bacteroidota as the dominant phyla, with a significantly altered Firmicutes\/Bacteroidota (F\/B) ratio in the GC group. LEfSe analysis identified 31 differentially abundant taxa between the groups. Functional profiling revealed 28 KEGG Level 3 pathways enriched in both groups. Pathways related to cell growth and motility were more abundant in the GP group, while the GC was enriched in amino acid metabolism and membrane-associated processes. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with plant-based concentrates modulates both the taxonomic structure and functional potential of the fecal microbiota in goats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16162486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T11:38:09Z","timestamp":1786361889000},"page":"2486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Dietary Inclusion of Corn and Peas Affects the Fecal Bacterial Diversity and Composition of Sarda Goats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5975-2272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziana Maria","family":"Mahayri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2593-7102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Moniello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1907-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Mr\u00e1zek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Kvasnov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppino","family":"Cocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 09071 Abbasanta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Garippa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9439-8168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate\u0159ina Ol\u0161a","family":"Fliegerov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/507032a","article-title":"Agriculture: Steps to Sustainable Livestock","volume":"507","author":"Eisler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2016.1260500","article-title":"Sustainable Ruminant Production to Help Feed the Planet","volume":"16","author":"Pulina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ital. 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