{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T11:24:47Z","timestamp":1786965887947,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Yongjiang 2035 Key Research and Development Project of Ningbo","award":["2024Z279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024Z279"]}]},{"name":"Program of Science and Technology Department of Ningbo City","award":["2025S070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025S070"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005315","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024J170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024J170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005315","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is persistently threatened by Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) and largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV), highlighting the need for combined immunization strategies. Here, a bivalent DNA vaccine pEGFP-G-MCP was constructed by concatenating the highly immunogenic fragments of MSRV glycoprotein (MSRV-G) and LMBV main capsid protein (LMBV-MCP) using a flexible linker peptide, and its immunogenicity and protective effect were systematically evaluated. Fish were immunized by intramuscular injection of 200 ng of plasmid on day 1, followed by a booster immunization on day 8. Blood and tissues were collected at 10, 20, and 30 d post-last immunization. The results showed that pEGFP-G-MCP immunization induced G- and MCP-specific antibodies and upregulated the expression of immunity-related genes. The bivalent vaccine achieved a relative percent survival (RPS) of 93.3% against MSRV and 90.0% against LMBV, which were higher than those of the monovalent vaccine groups. Additionally, the bivalent vaccine reduced viral mRNA and alleviated pathological damage in MSRV- or LMBV-infected fish. These results indicate that pEGFP-G-MCP confers immune protection against MSRV and LMBV, providing a foundation for combined prevention and control of MSRV and LMBV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16162551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:04:36Z","timestamp":1786961076000},"page":"2551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Construction and Immunological Evaluation of a Bivalent DNA Vaccine Targeting Micropterus salmoides Rhabdovirus and Largemouth Bass Ranavirus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Boge","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengzhen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhao","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0543-0109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianfei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9389-520X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109976","article-title":"Updates on infectious diseases of largemouth bass: A major review","volume":"154","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0071423","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00714-23","article-title":"Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus enters cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway in a pH-, dynamin-, microtubule-, Rab5-, and Rab7-dependent manner","volume":"97","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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