{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:30:58Z","timestamp":1787027458071,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2024YFE0111600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFE0111600"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Henan Province","award":["241111113800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["241111113800"]}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development (Science and Technology Project) Program of Henan Province","award":["262102110051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262102110051"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["252300421652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252300421652"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["262300420139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262300420139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["262300420439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262300420439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated whether chlorogenic acid (CGA) attenuates hepatic injury in broilers under high stocking density (HSD). A total of 216 experimental male Arbor Acres broilers were assigned to normal density without CGA (ND; 14 birds\/m2), high density without CGA (HD; 22 birds\/m2), normal density with 0.1% CGA (NDCGA), or high density with 0.1% CGA (HDCGA) groups, with six cages per treatment. CGA was supplied from day 7 to 42. At 42 d, live-weight densities were 35.00, 50.25, 34.48, and 49.38 kg\/m2, respectively. Compared with their corresponding normal-density groups, the high-density groups had lower body weights at 21, 28, 35, and 42 d, and lower average daily gain (ADG) during days 21\u201342 (p &lt; 0.05), whereas CGA did not significantly alter body weight or ADG within either stocking density (p &gt; 0.05). At 35 and 42 d, the HD group had lower hepatic T-AOC, SOD, and CAT activities and higher MDA content than the ND group (p &lt; 0.05). Compared with the HD group, the HDCGA group had higher T-AOC and CAT activities and lower MDA content at both ages, and higher SOD activity at 42 d (p &lt; 0.05). Qualitative histological and transcript-level alterations were evident at 28 d. Compared with HD, the HDCGA group showed treatment-associated shifts in AMPK, SREBP1, ACACA, PLA2G4A, COX-2, ALOX5, and NOX5 mRNA abundance (p &lt; 0.05). Under the experimental conditions, 0.1% CGA was associated with partial attenuation of HSD-related hepatic oxidative, lipid-metabolic, and inflammatory disturbances without a significant growth response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16162552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:04:36Z","timestamp":1786961076000},"page":"2552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Chlorogenic Acid Attenuates Liver Injury, Lipid Metabolic Disturbance, and Inflammatory Responses in Broilers Under High Stocking Density"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Dongying","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4773-287X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3264-738X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangshen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3433-8398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenrui","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"},{"name":"Innovative Research Team of Livestock Intelligent Breeding and Equipment, Science & Technology Innovation Center for Completed Set Equipment, Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang 471023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyuan","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"},{"name":"Innovative Research Team of Livestock Intelligent Breeding and Equipment, Science & Technology Innovation Center for Completed Set Equipment, Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang 471023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"},{"name":"Innovative Research Team of Livestock Intelligent Breeding and Equipment, Science & Technology Innovation Center for Completed Set Equipment, Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang 471023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0918-6601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8119-3898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yushu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 399-4511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingkun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanbo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China"},{"name":"Innovative Research Team of Livestock Intelligent Breeding and Equipment, Science & Technology Innovation Center for Completed Set Equipment, Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang 471023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Son, J., Kim, H.-J., Hong, E.-C., and Kang, H.-K. (2022). Effects of Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Meat Quality of Finisher Broiler Chickens under High Temperature. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050871"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakr, S.A., Abouelnaga, A.F., Ateya, A.I., Hashem, N.M.A., Wahed, N.M., Rehan, I.F., Elnagar, A., Zigo, F., Siedoi, I., and Kamel, W.A. (2025). Growth Performance, Behavior, Gene Expression, Carcass Characteristics, Stress Indicators, and Economical Parameters of Avian 48 Broiler Chickens Raised under Three Different Stocking Density. Front. Vet. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1517142"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phillips, H.N., and Heins, B.J. (2021). Effects of Outdoor Stocking Density on Growth, Feather Damage and Behavior of Slow-Growing Free-Range Broilers. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030688"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Wang, Y., Yin, D., Mahmood, T., and Yuan, J. (2020). Transcriptome Analysis Reveals a Molecular Understanding of Nicotinamide and Butyrate Sodium on Meat Quality of Broilers under High Stocking Density. BMC Genom., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-06827-0"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600024313","article-title":"Welfare of Male and Female Broiler Chickens in Relation to Stocking Density, as Indicated by Performance, Health and Behaviour","volume":"11","author":"McLean","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anim. Welf."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Council of the European Union (2007). Council Directive 2007\/43\/EC of 28 June 2007 Laying Down Minimum Rules for the Protection of Chickens Kept for Meat Production. Off. J. Eur. Union, L182, 19\u201328."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Nielsen, S.S., Alvarez, J., Bicout, D.J., Calistri, P., Canali, E., Drewe, J.A., Garin-Bastuji, B., Gonzales Rojas, J.L., and Gort\u00e1zar Schmidt, C. (2023). Welfare of Broilers on Farm. EFSA J., 21, e07788.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2023.7789"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2023.100344","article-title":"Impact of Stocking Density on the Welfare and Productivity of Broiler Chickens Reared to 34 d of Age","volume":"32","author":"Shynkaruk","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allameh, A., Niayesh-Mehr, R., Aliarab, A., Sebastiani, G., and Pantopoulos, K. (2023). Oxidative Stress in Liver Pathophysiology and Disease. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12091653"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surai, P.F., Kochish, I.I., Fisinin, V.I., and Kidd, M.T. (2019). Antioxidant Defence Systems and Oxidative Stress in Poultry Biology: An Update. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8070235"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Bai, D., Li, Y., He, X., Ito, K., Liu, K., Tan, H., Zhen, W., and Zhang, B. (2023). Dietary Supplementation with Chlorogenic Acid Enhances Antioxidant Capacity, Which Promotes Growth, Jejunum Barrier Function, and Cecum Microbiota in Broilers under High Stocking Density Stress. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13020303"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, C., Zhang, Y., Bai, D., Zhen, W., Ma, P., Wang, Z., Zhao, X., Ma, X., Xie, X., and Ito, K. (2025). Aspirin Eugenol Ester Alleviates Energy Metabolism Disorders by Reducing Oxidative Damage and Inflammation in the Livers of Broilers under High-Stocking-Density Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26051877"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, X., Zhang, Y., Bai, D., Zhen, W., Guo, C., Wang, Z., Ma, P., Ma, X., Xie, X., and Ito, K. (2025). Aspirin Eugenol Ester Modulates the Hypothalamus Transcriptome in Broilers under High Stocking Density. Animals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15060823"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13007","article-title":"Response of Broiler Chickens Reared at High Density to Dietary Supplementation with Licorice Extract and Probiotic","volume":"103","author":"Rashidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4739","DOI":"10.3390\/agriengineering6040271","article-title":"Impact of Stocking Density on Welfare and Performance of Ross 708 and Cobb 700 Broilers","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"AgriEngineering"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-65-21-2022","article-title":"Dietary Strategies to Alleviate High-Stocking-Density-Induced Stress in Broiler Chickens\u2014A Comprehensive Review","volume":"65","author":"Sugiharto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch. Anim. Breed."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zalewska, K., Kulawik, M., Gierszewska, J., Gramala, Z., Kalus, O., Karpi\u0144ski, M., Ma\u0107kowiak, J., Staniewski, A., Szyma\u0144ska, Z., and Zalewska, B. (2025). Chlorogenic Acid\u2019s Role in Metabolic Health: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17203303"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, Y., Lin, H., Jiao, H., Zhao, J., and Wang, X. (2023). Effects of in Ovo Feeding of Chlorogenic Acid on Antioxidant Capacity of Postnatal Broilers. Front. Physiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1091520"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Li, Z., Yan, M., Zhao, H., He, Z., and Zhu, M. (2024). Responses of Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity, Morphology, Barrier Function, Immunity, and Microbial Diversity to Chlorogenic Acid in Late-Peak Laying Hens. Animals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14202957"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2025.2462409","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, and Liver Lipid Metabolism in Late-Peak Laying Hens","volume":"24","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102257","article-title":"An Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Broiler Chickens in a Dextran Sodium Sulfate Model: A Preliminary Investigation","volume":"102","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102479","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Chlorogenic Acid on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Hepatic Inflammation in Broiler Chickens Subjected to Diquat-Induced Oxidative Stress","volume":"102","author":"Zha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-025-01175-z","article-title":"Caffeic Acid and Chlorogenic Acid Mediate the ADPN-AMPK-PPAR\u03b1 Pathway to Improve Fatty Liver and Production Performance in Laying Hens","volume":"16","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03312-24","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03312-24","article-title":"Chlorogenic Acid Alters Ileal Microbiota and Metabolites in Broiler Chickens under Immune Stress","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105005","article-title":"Chlorogenic Acid Mitigates Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli-Induced Intestinal Barrier Damage in Broiler Chickens via Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects","volume":"104","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103586","article-title":"Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorates Intestinal Inflammation by Inhibiting NF-\u03baB and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Broilers","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105438","article-title":"Effects of Chlorogenic Acid and Its Isomers on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Function of Broilers: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"104","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10347","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c03967","article-title":"Chlorogenic Acid Improves High-Fat-Diet-Induced Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Disorders by Regulating Mitochondrial Function and Lactate Metabolism","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102623","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Chlorogenic Acid on Intestinal Barrier Function and the Inflammatory Response in Broilers during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Immune Stress","volume":"102","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2023.06.002","article-title":"Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Damage and Remodeling of the Liver Vasculature","volume":"193","author":"Banerjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8082","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i25.8082","article-title":"Oxidative Stress as a Crucial Factor in Liver Diseases","volume":"20","author":"Michalak","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aryal, B., Kwakye, J., Ariyo, O.W., Ghareeb, A.F.A., Milfort, M.C., Fuller, A.L., Khatiwada, S., Rekaya, R., and Aggrey, S.E. (2025). Major Oxidative and Antioxidant Mechanisms during Heat-Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chickens. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14040471"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00044.2005","article-title":"The NOX Family of ROS-Generating NADPH Oxidases: Physiology and Pathophysiology","volume":"87","author":"Bedard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbc.2024.100036","article-title":"NADPH Oxidase 5: Where Are We Now and Which Way to Proceed?","volume":"9","author":"Szeles","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biochem. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104060","article-title":"Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Productive and Reproductive Performances, Egg Quality, Antioxidant Functions, and Intestinal Microenvironment in Aged Breeder Laying Hens","volume":"103","author":"Bi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaefarian, F., Abdollahi, M.R., Cowieson, A., and Ravindran, V. (2019). Avian Liver: The Forgotten Organ. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9020063"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, Y., Li, L., Wang, H., Yang, Y., and Ma, H. (2022). Activated AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Prevents Hepatic Steatosis, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Primary Chicken Hepatocytes. Front. Physiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.974825"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, M., Wang, B., Wang, S., Lu, H., Wu, H., Ding, M., Ying, L., Mao, Y., and Li, Y. (2021). Effect of Quercetin on Lipid Metabolism through Modulation of the Gut Microbiota and the AMPK\/PPAR Signaling Pathway in Broilers. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.616219"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.032","article-title":"AMPK: Mechanisms of Cellular Energy Sensing and Restoration of Metabolic Balance","volume":"66","author":"Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e224","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2016.16","article-title":"AMPK Activators: Mechanisms of Action and Physiological Activities","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14277","article-title":"Anti-Acne Vulgaris Effects of Chlorogenic Acid by Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Lipogenesis Inhibition","volume":"30","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, T., Zhang, Z., Liu, J., Chen, L., Tian, Y., Xu, W., Zeng, T., Wu, W., and Lu, L. (2023). Chlorogenic Acid Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Modulating CD36\/AMPK\/PGC-1\u03b1 in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713516"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berm\u00fadez, M.A., Balboa, M.A., and Balsinde, J. (2021). Lipid Droplets, Phospholipase A2, Arachidonic Acid, and Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9121891"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R057588","article-title":"Cytosolic Phospholipase A2: Physiological Function and Role in Disease","volume":"56","author":"Leslie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e363","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.363","article-title":"Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Health and Disease","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4346","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez395","article-title":"Fatty Acids Modulate the Expression of Pyruvate Kinase and Arachidonate-Lipoxygenase through the PPAR\u03b3\/CYP2C45 Pathway: A Link to Goose Fatty Liver","volume":"98","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e13917","article-title":"Chlorogenic-Acid-Rich Coffee Pulp Extract Suppresses Inflammatory Status by Inhibiting the p38 MAPK and NF-\u03baB Pathways","volume":"9","author":"Ontawong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"392743","article-title":"Hepatoprotective Effects of a Chinese Herbal Formula, Longyin Decoction, on Carbon-Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Chickens","volume":"2013","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/16\/2552\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:19:30Z","timestamp":1787026770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/16\/2552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ani16162552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani16162552","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]]}}}