{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T10:35:40Z","timestamp":1787567740898,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32273076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32273076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32273076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32273076"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFD1800200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD1800200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6232015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6232015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thelazia callipaeda is a vector-borne zoonotic eyeworm infecting companion animals, wildlife, and humans, but chromosome-scale genomic resources from Chinese clinical material remain limited. We generated a genome supported by Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) high-fidelity (HiFi) sequencing and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) from 100 adult worms recovered from naturally infected dogs in Beijing and compared its chromosome-scale organization with Portuguese assembly GCA_965194785.1. The final assembly spans 119.53 megabases (Mb) and comprises 115 top-level sequences, including four pseudomolecules totaling 91.26 Mb (76.34%) and 111 unanchored sequences. Genome-mode Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis recovered 98.5% complete chromadorean orthologues, and the representative 11,788-protein gene set recovered 92.6%. Sequence-level alignment resolved Chinese chromosomes 1\u20134 (chr1\u2013chr4) to Portuguese chr1, chrX, chr3, and chr2, respectively, with retained alignments covering 95.9\u201399.2% of each Chinese pseudomolecule and estimated sequence identities of 99.75\u201399.91%. Strong chromosome-scale collinearity was accompanied by localized reverse-collinear regions, including 0.243 Mb and 0.115 Mb intervals on chr2\u2013chrX and chr3\u2013chr3. The anchored sequences contained 96.7% of predicted genes and were substantially more gene-dense than the unanchored sequences. These results establish a clinically sourced Chinese chromosome-scale reference and provide a validated framework for future individual-worm, population-genomic, structural-variation, and comparative genomic studies of this parasite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16172637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:20:02Z","timestamp":1787563202000},"page":"2637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chromosome-Scale Genome of Zoonotic Eyeworm Thelazia callipaeda from China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0807-9801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zichen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6234-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyuan","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Ruipailinrui Animal Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5244-8358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yipeng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.04.013","article-title":"Thelazia\u00a0callipaeda","volume":"37","author":"Otranto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004006018","article-title":"Biology of Thelazia callipaeda (Spirurida, Thelaziidae) eyeworms in naturally infected definitive hosts","volume":"129","author":"Otranto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0881-7","article-title":"Transmission of the eyeworm Thelazia callipaeda: Between fantasy and reality","volume":"8","author":"Otranto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. 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