{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:25:43Z","timestamp":1787743543284,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ex situ breeding has been identified as a key action for conserving the Endangered Owston\u2019s civet (Chrotogale owstoni). Historically, however, the species has had poor reproductive rates under managed care. In males, it is necessary to understand testicular function to identify factors that affect reproductive success. Here, we conducted long-term faecal testosterone (Tt) monitoring, ultrasonography of the reproductive tract, and sperm assessments in five Owston\u2019s civets held in zoos in the United Kingdom to gain insight into male fertility. Male Tt metabolite concentrations were higher in the winter and spring months, with significant cyclical increases in Tt from December to January, corresponding to the start of the in situ breeding season. No significant reproductive pathologies were identified among males, with the exception of mild irregular margins and hyperechoic foci in the prostate of one male. Semen was collected through urethral catheterization and electroejaculation from three out of four males, with repeat samples collected from one male. Urethral catheterization yielded small but highly concentrated samples, and is a simple, cost-effective, and field-friendly method of sperm collection in the species. We highlight the utility of reproductive monitoring to gain insight into male fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16172677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:05:46Z","timestamp":1787735146000},"page":"2677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reproductive Physiology and Reproductive Parameters of Male Owston\u2019s Civets (Chrotogale owstoni)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7928-4549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica B.","family":"Cowl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Caughall Road, Upton-by-Chester, Chester CH2 1LH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7028-4139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Callealta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECOlifes, 11140 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christa S. van","family":"Wessem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bay Vet Group, 1 Yannons Ct, Yannons Rd., Paignton TQ4 7HU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tullis","family":"Matson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nature\u2019s SAFE, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire SY13 4BP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zak","family":"Showell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaldon Wildlife Trust, Ness Dr, Shaldon, Teignmouth TQ14 0HP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3187-5195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan L.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Caughall Road, Upton-by-Chester, Chester CH2 1LH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Mogey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Caughall Road, Upton-by-Chester, Chester CH2 1LH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newquay Zoo, Trenance Ave, Newquay TR7 2LZ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thrigby Hall Wildlife Gardens, Filby Rd., Thrigby, Great Yarmouth NR29 3DR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Hopper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Port Lympne Hotel & Reserve, Aldington Rd., Lympne, Hythe CT21 4LR, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6736-1183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie L.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North of England Zoological Society (Chester Zoo), Caughall Road, Upton-by-Chester, Chester CH2 1LH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IUCN SSC (2023). 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