{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T08:24:07Z","timestamp":1788337447875,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amid the rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), attention is increasingly directed toward investigating additional factors that may contribute to or mediate its development, among which companion animals have emerged as a potential reservoir and transmission interface. Despite this, the contribution of free-roaming animal populations living in proximity to humans and domestic animals has yet to be thoroughly investigated worldwide. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales in free-roaming cats in Israel. Rectal swabs were collected from 214 free-roaming cats admitted to two veterinary clinics between 2023 and 2024. ESBL-PE were recovered from 51 cats (23.8%), yielding 61 isolates, which were tested for susceptibility to multiple antimicrobials. Eleven bacterial species were identified, with Escherichia coli being the most frequently recovered (62.3%, 38\/61). Nine purposively selected E. coli isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories, was observed in 72.1% (44\/61) of isolates, and four isolates were carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE). These findings suggest that free-roaming cats may serve as a previously overlooked \u2018One Health\u2019 link, possibly connecting environmental contamination to human and animal health risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16172736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T07:53:11Z","timestamp":1788335591000},"page":"2736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales in Free-Roaming Cats in Israel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Neria","family":"Menashri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tal Zilberman","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat-Gan 5266202, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0159-9989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anat","family":"Shnaiderman-Torban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2028-0850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Keidar-Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod 7747629, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3810-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Tirosh-Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Talya","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4517-7979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anat","family":"Lichter-Peled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eshel Hanasi Veterinary Clinic, Eshel Hanasi Youth Village, Eshel Hanasi 8531000, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"Shanir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Amit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat-Gan 5266202, Israel"},{"name":"Gray Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0984-6822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Steinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salam, M.A., Al-Amin, M.Y., Salam, M.T., Pawar, J.S., Akhter, N., Rabaan, A.A., and Alqumber, M.A.A. (2023). Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health. 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