{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:15:59Z","timestamp":1789042559813,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32130099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32130099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32573243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32573243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["32130099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32130099"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["32573243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32573243"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polysaccharides are well known for their immunomodulatory properties and gut microbiota-regulating functions; however, their digestive stability and structure-dependent biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated the in vitro enzymatic resistance and intestinal regulatory effects of a novel L-\u03b2-galactoglucan (Mw 400\u2013520 kDa) derived from Agrobacterium sp. FN01, and further evaluated the in vivo effects of its corresponding crude fermentation product on growth performance and intestinal metabolism in pigs. Twenty-seven-day-old weaned piglets were randomly allocated to three treatments, with 16 pens per treatment and 13 piglets per pen, and fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 200, or 400 mg\/kg of the crude product. The results showed that L-\u03b2-galactoglucan exhibited strong resistance to pancreatic \u03b1-amylase and glucoamylase under the tested in vitro conditions, with minimal release of low-molecular-weight oligosaccharides during hydrolysis. The 400 mg\/kg crude product supplementation significantly improved growth performance, reduced the feed-to-gain ratio, and increased the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, and gross energy (p &lt; 0.05). In addition, dietary supplementation with this crude product increased intestinal microbial diversity, enriched Halalkalibacter urbisdiaboli, and increased colonic concentrations of isobutyrate and isovalerate (p &lt; 0.05). Functional metagenomic analysis further revealed enhanced microbial carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolic pathways. In conclusion, under the in vitro conditions tested in this study, the novel L-\u03b2-galactoglucan exhibited resistance to the two tested enzymes. In the pig trial, this polysaccharide improved growth performance and nutrient utilization, and modulated the intestinal microbial composition. These observations suggest that the fermentation product may be promising for animal feeding applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16172752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:02:52Z","timestamp":1788343372000},"page":"2752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Supplementation with Agrobacterium sp. FN01-Derived Crude Product Dominated by L-\u03b2-Galactoglucan Enhances Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization and Modulates Intestinal Microbiota in Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mengli","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, 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410125, China"},{"name":"College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"},{"name":"College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, 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