{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:06:02Z","timestamp":1789189562431,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018600","name":"Animal Welfare Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH R01 EY026924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01 EY026924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018600","name":"Animal Welfare Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH R01 EY031447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01 EY031447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018600","name":"Animal Welfare Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH R01NS113073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01NS113073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018600","name":"Animal Welfare Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AFOSR FA9550-24-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AFOSR FA9550-24-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018600","name":"Animal Welfare Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH EY014800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH EY014800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["NIH R01 EY026924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01 EY026924"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04t32gd51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["NIH R01 EY031447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01 EY031447"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04t32gd51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["NIH R01NS113073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01NS113073"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04t32gd51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["AFOSR FA9550-24-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AFOSR FA9550-24-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04t32gd51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["NIH EY014800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH EY014800"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04t32gd51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04drjs621","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic neurophysiology studies in Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) require implantation of cranial hardware including headposts, recording chambers, and fixation screws. A common complication is persistent picking, scratching and grooming around implant margins, which can result in skin retraction, chronic inflammation, infection, repeated surgical repairs, and premature removal of the animal from research studies. Existing implant-care protocols rely heavily on topical therapies that may inadvertently increase grooming behavior. We developed a removable carbon fiber 3D-printed cranial cap that attaches directly to the headpost, covering the implant margins while allowing airflow and rapid removal during recording sessions. Three macaques received the protective 3D-printed cap. One animal tolerated the device for 836 days, during which implant manipulation ceased, surgical repair frequency decreased, and an additional 1056 h of electrophysiological data were collected. A second animal successfully used the 3D-printed cap during postoperative healing for 61 days following implant revision surgery. One animal did not tolerate the 3D-printed cap, and it was removed. This case study suggests that a simple, low-cost 3D-printed cap has the potential to improve wound healing, reduce implant manipulation, enhance animal welfare, and prolong the functional lifespan of chronic cranial implants in appropriately selected animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16182828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T16:46:04Z","timestamp":1788885964000},"page":"2828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Removable 3D-Printed Protective Cap for Chronic Cranial Implants in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta): A Descriptive Case Series and Technical Refinement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rochelle D.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorsa","family":"Amirkhany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1791-3960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1588-027X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behrad","family":"Noudoost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039595","article-title":"Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) adaptively adjust information seeking in response to information accumulated","volume":"129","author":"Tu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Comp. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e075998","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.075998","article-title":"Anatomical characterization of pT217-tau in aged rhesus macaque association cortices: Relevance for trans-synaptic propagation in sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"19","author":"Datta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07084-x","article-title":"Visuo-frontal interactions during social learning in freely moving macaques","volume":"627","author":"Franch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (2021). Association of Primate Veterinarians Cranial Implant Care for Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research. J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci., 60, 496\u2013501.","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-21-000108"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-CM-22-000079","article-title":"Trends and Treatment Approaches for Complications in Neuroscience Experiments with Monkey Species","volume":"73","author":"Jain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comp. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108992","article-title":"Protective cranial implant caps for macaques","volume":"348","author":"Perry","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"National Research Council (2011). Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Academies Press. [8th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"52","article-title":"Use of an Implantable Loop Recorder in a Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) to Monitor Cardiac Arrhythmias and Assess the Effects of Acupuncture and Laser Therapy","volume":"66","author":"Magden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comp. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Russell, W., and Burch, R. (1959). The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, Methuen."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/18\/2828\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:11:43Z","timestamp":1789186303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/16\/18\/2828"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ani16182828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani16182828","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]}}}