{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:07:37Z","timestamp":1788944857474,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young and Middle-Aged Teacher Education Research Project of Fujian Province","award":["JAT231072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JAT231072"]}]},{"name":"Young and Middle-Aged Teacher Education Research Project of Fujian Province","award":["JAT220075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JAT220075"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024J08233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024J08233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Unlike mammalian erythrocytes, teleost erythrocytes are nucleated and transcriptionally active, yet their immune functions remain not fully understood. The leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus) is an economically important marine fish and is highly susceptible to Vibrio harveyi infection. In this study, we aim to investigate the immune role of erythrocytes during V. harveyi infection. Flow cytometry analysis showed that erythrocytes actively internalize V. harveyi in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptome profiling of erythrocytes from control and V. harveyi-infected groups was performed to reveal the host immune responses after bacterial internalization. A total of 5995 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and significantly enriched in immune-related pathways, with the MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis, and NF-\u03baB signaling pathway as the three core pathways. Heatmap analysis further revealed transcriptional downregulation of MAPK kinases, apoptotic components, and cytokines (interleukins, chemokines, TNFs, and interferons). These findings provide transcriptional evidence for the immune involvement of teleost erythrocytes and offer insights into host\u2013pathogen interactions during V. harveyi infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16182831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:05:43Z","timestamp":1788941143000},"page":"2831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcriptome Analysis of Plectropomus leopardus Erythrocytes Reveals Transcriptional Immune Suppression Induced by Vibrio harveyi Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jingmiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuqing 350300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Coastal Biological Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2798-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenyi","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2949-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuqing 350300, China"},{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"The nucleated erythrocyte: A model of cell differentiation","volume":"34","author":"Sinclair","year":"1975","journal-title":"Rev. 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