{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:54:52Z","timestamp":1792788892034,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Agriculture Research System","award":["CARS-41-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-41-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["CARS-41-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-41-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research funds of Fujian for Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["2025R1072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025R1072"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research funds of Fujian for Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["2025R1024009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025R1024009"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research funds of Fujian for Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["2026R1074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026R1074"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research funds of Fujian for Public Welfare Research Institutes","award":["2024R1025009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024R1025009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Avian metapneumovirus subtype C (aMPV\/C) has re-emerged as a widespread pathogen in China, causing hydrosalpinx fluid syndrome (HFS) in laying ducks and resulting in substantial economic losses, highlighting the urgent need for a reliable immunological detection method. In the present study, a non-invasive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was developed and optimized for detecting aMPV\/C-specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) in egg yolks of laying ducks, using purified novel aMPV\/C as the coating antigen. Checkerboard titration established the optimal conditions as an antigen concentration of 1.25 \u03bcg\/mL and an IgY dilution of 1:200. The cut-off value, determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, was 0.3268, enabling a detection limit of 1:3200 for IgY antibodies. The assay showed no cross-reactivity with IgY positive for other duck pathogens, and both intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were less than 10%, demonstrating good specificity and reproducibility. Clinical evaluation of 151 duck egg yolk samples yielded an overall aMPV\/C-specific IgY positivity rate of 58.3% (88\/151). The concordance rate between the iELISA and an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was 97.8% (45\/46). These results indicate that the established iELISA for detecting aMPV\/C-specific IgY is a reliable and practical tool for large-scale detection of aMPV\/C exposure in clinical duck egg yolk samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16182963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:05:53Z","timestamp":1789988753000},"page":"2963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a Non-Invasive Indirect ELISA for Detecting IgY Against a Novel Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype C in Egg Yolks of Laying Ducks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory for Control and Prevention of Avian Diseases, Fuzhou 350013, China"},{"name":"Fujian 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