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At the Cao\u2019e River Sluice fishway, sonar monitoring quantified the timing and intensity of crossing events at a section near the freshwater-side exit over 961 half-hour intervals on 30 monitoring days, while numerical simulations characterized hydraulic conditions. Lower seaward levels reduced entrance depth, with local connectivity loss simulated at a seaward level of 0.20 m. At a seaward water level of 1.16 m, entrance depth averaged 0.55 m, and this screening reference was met for 5.7\u20136.2 h per 12 h cycle. Total passage intensities reached 371 and 344 ind\/h during late flood and early ebb in March\u2013June, compared with 43 and 57 ind\/h during late ebb and subsequent early flood in September\u2013November. Adjusted upstream intensity was lower in September\u2013November than in March\u2013June across tidal stages (ratios 0.03\u20130.18, p &lt; 0.001), while daytime upstream intensity was 3.0\u20135.5 times that during 00:00\u201306:00 (p &lt; 0.001). Elevated upstream crossing intensity at the exit section showed season-specific, non-monotonic associations with concurrent head difference (\u0394H), occurring at \u0394H = 2.25\u20133.75 m during rapid ebb in March\u2013June and under small positive to reversed heads during flood or large positive heads during ebb in September\u2013November. Mean target lengths in selected subsamples were 17.6 \u00b1 3.4 and 26.8 \u00b1 6.7 cm, respectively. Upstream movement predominated in both periods, and upstream intensity was somewhat higher during spring tides. These findings support maintaining entrance connectivity and considering seasonal passage timing and tidal conditions in fishway operation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16193014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:29:53Z","timestamp":1790267393000},"page":"3014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seasonal Fish Passage Patterns Through an Estuarine Fishway in Relation to Tidal Hydraulics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jianzhang","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulic Engineering Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Weijun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cao\u2019e River Basin Center, Shaoxing 312000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Pengyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cao\u2019e River Sluice Investment and Development Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cao\u2019e River Sluice Investment and Development Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulic Engineering Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yongzeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulic Engineering Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiaogang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hydraulic Engineering Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15952","article-title":"Tracking animal movements via collaborative acoustic telemetry networks: Multiscale habitat use, phenology, and management insights","volume":"106","author":"Livernois","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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